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2019 DAT BIO > Ch:3 Metabolism > Flashcards

Ch:3 Metabolism Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytosol

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2
Q

How much ATP does glycolysis make?

A

2 ATP

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3
Q

Can glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Both

  • anaerobic respiration is the only energy source in mammalian RBCs
  • If lacks O2, glycolysis will make lactate
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4
Q

What is the difference between these catalytic enzymes:

  • Kinase
  • Isomerase
  • Dehydrogenase
  • Mutase
A

Kinases: phosphorylates

Isomerase: (glucose –> fructose)

Dehydrogenase: if you see NAD, NADH, FAD, FADH2

Mutase: kinda like an isomerase

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5
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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6
Q

Is pyruvate what enters the krebs cycle?

A

No, Acetyl CoA is what enters the krebs cycle

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7
Q

Which of the following produces the most ATP?

A. ETC
B. Glycolysis
C. Substrate-level phosphorylation

A

A. ETC

  • 90% of ATP is generated by the ETC
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8
Q

Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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9
Q

What occurs in the ETC?

A

H+ is removed from NADH and pumped into the inter membrane space where ATP synthase uses the electrochemical gradient from the accumulation of H+ to produce ATP

(the pH of the inside goes up and decreases the pH on the outside making it more acidic)

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10
Q

What does CoQ or Ubiqunione participate in?

A

ETC

they are carriers in the electron transport chain

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11
Q

Where organ does gluconeogenesis occur?

A

Liver

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12
Q

When is gluconeogenesis more active than glycolysis?

A

When you haven’t eaten and glucose levels are low

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13
Q

What is the main difference between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?

A

Glycolysis makes ATP (glucose–>ATP)

Gluconeogenesis makes Glucose (ATP–>glucose)

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14
Q

Gluconeogenesis begins in the _______ and then goes to the _______.

A

Gluconeogenesis begins in the mitochondria and goes to the cytosol

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15
Q

What is biotins role in gluconeogenesis?

A

Biotin is involved with adding on a CO2 group

Biotin = CO2 carrier

“A COMMONLY ASKED EXAM QUESTION”

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16
Q

Where does the Pentose Phosphate Pathway occur?

A

Cytosol (same as glycolysis)

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17
Q

What type of pathway (anabolic/catabolic) is the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?

A

anabolic (makes macromolecules)

18
Q

The pentose phosphate pathway is quite active in _____ tissue. Since NADPH is used to make ____ and _______.

A

The pentose phosphate pathway is quite active in adipose tissue. Since NADPH is used to make FAs and steroids.

19
Q

What is the glyoxylate cycle?

A

Modification of the krebs cycle in PLANTS that allows seeds to grow underground

20
Q

Glycogen is found in the ____ and ______ ______.

A

Liver and skeletal muscles

21
Q

What is glycogenolysis and when does it occur?

A

breakdown of glycogen in response to low blood glucose

22
Q

Can amino acids be stored?

A

No

23
Q

Where does fatty acid oxidation occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

24
Q

Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?

A

Cytosol (same as glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway)

25
Q

The ____ is the site for cholesterol synthesis.

A

Liver

26
Q

Steroids modulate the _____ of eukaryotic cell membranes.

A

fluidity

27
Q

Cholesterol is involved in the synthesis of _____ ____, which assist in absorption of dietary lipids in the intestines.

A

bile salts

28
Q

What does bile do?

A

emulsifies fats

29
Q

Where does the urea cycle occur?

A

Liver

NOT the kidneys

30
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chloroplast

31
Q

Where does chlorophyll reside?

A

in thylakoid membranes and is what absorbs light energy (carotenoids do the same)

32
Q

What is the main difference between the dark and light reactions of photosynthesis?

A

Dark reactions produce glucose

Light reactions produce ATP

33
Q

Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur?

A

Grana

34
Q

What are the products of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

A

ATP, O2, NADPH

water is split in the light rxns

35
Q

Where do the dark reactions of photosynthesis occur?

A

Stroma

light = grana

36
Q

What is the dark reactions of photosynthesis also know as?

A

the Calvin Benson cycle

37
Q

How many turns of the Calvin cycle produces 1 glucose?

A

6 turns

38
Q

What is the main enzyme involved in the dark reactions of photosynthesis?

A

Rubisco

39
Q

What are the two endosymbionts?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplast

40
Q

What is the main difference between noncyclic phosphorylation and cyclic phosphorylation in photosynthesis?

A

Noncyclic = produces ATP and NADPH by chemiosmosis

Cyclic = produces only ATP

2019 DAT BIO (26 decks)

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