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2019 DAT BIO > Ch:22 Integumentary system > Flashcards

Ch:22 Integumentary system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the largest organ of the human body?

A

Integumentary system (skin)

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2
Q

What are the 5 primary functions of the integumentary system?

A
  1. First line of defense: protects us from injury and disease
  2. Prevents water loss (keratin is involved with waterproofing the skin)
  3. Regulates temperature: think sweating!!
  4. Stimuli reception: sensory receptors perceive pain, touch and pressure
  5. Vitamin D production: however, some sunlight is needed
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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis (ectoderm)
  2. Dermis (mesoderm)
  3. Hypodermis (subcutaneous fat layer)
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4
Q

***Does the epidermis contain blood vessels?

A

NO

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5
Q

What 4 cells do the epidermis contain?

A
  1. Lanherhans cells: Antigen presenting cells, sometimes called dendritic cells (similar to macrophages)
  2. Melanocytes: produce pigment that protects you from skin cancer, melanin absorbs UV light. Reside mainly in Stratum germinativum
  3. Merkel cells: function as mechanoreceptors (sensory receptor)
  4. Keratinocytes: 80% of the epidermis
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6
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis starting from the surface?

A
  1. Stratum Corneum: surface layer
  2. Stratum Lucidum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Spinosum
  5. Stratum Basale (germinativum)
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7
Q

What layer of the epidermis is the SURFACE layer?

A

Stratum Corneum

The corny layer hahah

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8
Q

What epidermal layer contains Melanocytes and Merkel cells?

A

Stratum Germinativum (deepest epidermal layer)

“KNOW THIS!!”

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9
Q

Which epidermal layer is mitosis the most active?

A

Stratum Germinativum- contains stem cells (germ cells); new cells are being pushed upwards toward the surface

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10
Q

Which of the 3 dermal layers contain hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, right supply of nerves, muscles and is derived from the mesoderm?

A

Dermis

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11
Q

***Interestingly, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles are all derived from the __(dermal layer)__, invade the dermis and hypodermic during embryogenesis and reside in these areas permanently.

A

Epidermis

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12
Q

Which of the 3 dermal layers contains receptors for touch, pressure, pain and heat?

A

Dermis

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13
Q

What are the difference between the following located in the dermis?

  1. Ruffini corpuscles
  2. Pacinian corpuscles
  3. Meissner’s corpuscles
  4. Nociceptors
  5. Thermoreceptors
A
  1. Ruffini corpuscles: detect stretching
  2. Pacinian corpuscles: detect touch and vibrations
  3. Meissner’s corpuscles: detect light touch and sensitivity
  4. Nocireceptors: detect pain (NO!!!)
  5. Thermoreceptors: detect heat
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14
Q

What 2 proteins do the dermis contain?

A
  1. Collagen:
    - most abundant fibrous protein which provides strength
    - has tripple helix
    - highly abundant in glycine
  2. Elastin: fibrous protein that provides elasticity

* As we age, collagen and elastin fibers break down and become sparser, resulting in WRINKLING of the skin*

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15
Q

***As we age, why do we get wrinkles?

A

As we age, collagen and elastin fibers break down and become sparser, resulting in WRINKLING of the skin

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16
Q

Describe the hypodermis:

A
  • NOT part of the skin
  • Layer of fat, but DOES have blood vessels
  • Also called subcutaneous fat layer
17
Q

Define the following:

  1. Hyperplasia
  2. Metaplasia
  3. Dysplasia
  4. Anaplasia
A
  1. Hyperplasia: increase in cell number (i.e. warts)
  2. Metaplasia: conversion of one cell type to another (when you smoke you lose cilia and ciliated cells become non-ciliated)
  3. Dysplasia: size, shape and alteration of the cell components (think of it like “pre-cancer”)
  4. Anaplasia: loss of cellular and organization differentiation. Think cancer (abnormal cells)
18
Q

What is the difference between hypertrophy and Atrophy/

A

Hypertrophy: an increase in the cell size of a tissue or organ. Runners of marathons often have bigger hearts.

Atrophy: Decrease in cell or organ size. Usually caused by inadequate nutrition of the cells

2019 DAT BIO (26 decks)

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