Ch:10 Fertilization and Development Flashcards
Explain what occurs during the acrosomal reaction:
Enzymes punch a “hole” in the jelly while growing actin filaments form from the acrosomal process. Binding to the egg cell receptors occur!!
Explain the process of fast block to polyspermy and compare it to slow block:
Contact and fusion of sperm and egg now occurs. The membrane voltage now changes… Depolarization. This results in what is called the fast block to polyspermy
The Cortical reaction (slow block): Ca++ ions are released from the endoplasmic reticulum. cortical granules in the egg fuse with the plasma membrane. Sperm-binding receptors are removed and a fertilization envelope forms. This forming of the fertilization envelope is termed slow block to polyspermy
(calcium is essential for the cortical rxn to occur)
Continued cleavage gives a solid ball of cells called a ______. From here, a fluid-filled cavity called a ______ forms within this morula and begins to hollow. This hollow ball of cells is now called a ________.
Continued cleavage gives a solid ball of cells called a __Morula__. From here, a fluid-filled cavity called a __blastocoel__ forms within this morula and begins to hollow. This hollow ball of cells is now called a __blastula__.
Put these in chronological order:
- Zygote
- Morula
- Blastula
- Gastrula
Zygote –> Morula –> blastula –> gastrula
After the gastrula is formed a new central cavity is formed called the ________, which will become the primitive gut.
Archenteron
The opening of the archenteron is called the _______. This opening forms the ____ in protostomes and the ____ in deuterostomes.
The opening of the archenteron is called the __blastopore__. This opening forms the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes.
Protostomes include: _____, _____, ______
Deuterostomes include: _____, _____
Protostomes include: mollusks, arthropods, annelids
Deuterostomes include: chordates and echinoderms
What allowed arthropods to become successful?
Jointed appendages
Which of the following has a closed circulatory system?
A. Arthropods
B. Annelids
A. Annelids
Grasshoppers use _____(2 words)_____ to aid in metabolic waste removal.
Malpighian tubules
Which of the following is high in yolk?
A. Vegetal pole
B. Animal pole
A. Vegetal pole
In humans, the notochord becomes a ____(2 words)___ found between vertebrae
Gelatinous disk
Tunicates and amphioxus are classified as _______, but are ________.
- Chordates
- invertebrates
Amphibians and frogs are said to have evolved from ____________.
lobe-finned fish
How many heart chambers are in the following:
- Fish
- Reptiles and amphibians
- Birds and mammals
Fish = 2 chambered heart
Reptiles and amphibians = 3 chambered heart
Birds and mammals = 4 chambered hearts