Ch. 24 Digestive Flashcards
One of the vaccinations that school’s require is against the mumps virus (paramyxovirus). What is the part of the GI tract targeted by mumps?
Parotid ___________
What is the hallmark symptom of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)? Anatomically, transient spasms of the _______________ ____________ sphincter , or LES, allow stomach acid to travel in a retrograde (backwards) fashion into the esophagus to cause the erosion damage and scarring ( in some patients increasing the risk of esophageal cancers) associated with GERD.
Lower Esophageal
What is the other name for the parietal cell’s H+/K+ ATPase molecules, which transport H+ ions out of the parietal cell into the stomach lumen while transporting K+ ions into the parietal cell?
Proton pumps
Explain the difference in how the H2-blockers work to reduce stomach acid compared to how the PPIs work.
H2: Block signals generated by histamine receptors on cells responsible for acid secretion.
PPI’s: Shut down cell pumps that maintain the acidic environment in stomach.
Very little absorption of digested materials occurs in the stomach (with the exception of some water, some ions, short chain fatty acids, aspirin and alcohol). Why doesn’t more absorption occur in the stomach?
Because its epithelial cells are impermeable to most materials.
What is one of the primary substances excreted in bile?
Bilirubin
What is a key role of bile as part of the digestive processes?
Helps with emulsification, digestion, and absorption of fats.
What are the basic conditions that cause lactose intolerance and how is a breath test for hydrogen gas diagnostic for the disorder?
Absorptive cells of the small intestine don’t produce enough lactase.
Hydrogen is absorbed from intestines and carried through bloodstream
to the lungs.
Then it’s detected in the breath.
Shows that undigested lactose is being fermented by bacteria in colon.
If you plan to have at least one drink on a night but want to be sober and safe to drive in two hours, what type of food would be a better choice to have with your drink and why: a high-carb snack of pretzels or a high-fat snack of nacho cheese and chips?
High-fat snack.
Fatty acids take more time in gastric emptying.
Alcohol has more time to be absorbed.
Alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde in the stomach.
Less alcohol reaches bloodstream.
Assuming a male and a female weighed the same and ingested the same amount of alcohol why may the female be at a disadvantage in terms of blood alcohol levels ?
Activity of Dehydrogenase is up to 60% lower.
The final stages of digestion of carbohydrates or proteins , as well as the production of some B vitamins as well as vitamin K ,that take place in the large intestine are accomplished by what process?
Haustral Churning
How may soluble fiber, which dissolves in water and is found in such foods as beans, broccoli, citrus fruits and prunes among others, play a role in helping lower cholesterol?
S F binds to bile salts to prevent reabsorption.
Liver makes bile salts from cholesterol to replace what’s lost in feces.
Blood cholesterol level is lowered.
Why would a doctor prescribe an antibiotic and a proton pump inhibitor to a patient suffering from peptic ulcer disease?
PPI: It blocks secretion of H+ from parietal cells helping buffer gastric acid. Decrease acidity.
Antibiotic: stops Bacteria creating ulcers again.
Which has the more severe symptoms and potential for permanent damage to the GI tract, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or irritable bowel disease (IBD)?
IBD
Certain bacteria, not part of the normal bacterial flora in the jejunum section of the small intestine, can be a major source of endotoxins. What medical consequences have been hypothesized as being linked to this situation?
Liver Cirrosis.
