Ch. 18 Flashcards
What types of proteins are target cells regulating?
Receptors.
What does “free fraction” mean relative to a lipid-soluable hormone’s ability to cause responses?
Free fraction: The ability of the lipid-soluable hormones to circulate freely.
Which type of hormone, lipid-soluable or water-soluble, would have the easiest time crossing the plasma membrane of a cell to attach to an intracellular target?
Lipid-soluable.
Which type of hormone, lipid-soluable or water-soluble, has the most freedom to be transported in the blood?
Water-soluable.
The steroid hormones, such as __________, ___________, and _________ are all derived from the same building block molecule, ___________.
Estrogen; Testosterone; Calcitriol; Cholesterol.
What is the major difference based on the type and source of the hypothalamic hormones?
Anterior Pituitary = Synthesize/Secrete: 5 hormones that release and 2 that inhibit.
Posterior Pituitary = Doesn’t synthesize hormones, only stores/releases: 2 types.
What genetic condition is believed to explain the diminished height of the African pygmys, who apparently have normal amounts of human growth hormone?
Inability to produce one of the IGF’s.
If you rapidly drank a liter of water what effect might this have on the osmotic pressure of your blood and how would the level of the hormone ADH change in response?
Osmotic Pressure would increase.
ADH response: Inhibited so that body retains less water.
If an adult female was found to be infertile because she was not able to ovulate, which hypothalamic hormone and which anterior pituitary hormone might be causing the problems if it was found she was forming ovarian follicle but they were not releasing their secondary oocytes?
Lutenizing hormone.
What is the reason a midwife in a natural childbirth facility would request a new mother who just gave birth to twins to allow the first born to suckle milk?
Because sucking stimulates release of oxytocin, which promotes expulsion of placenta & helps uterus regain smaller size.
What hormone lies at the root of when a person is at high risk for rapid dehydration if they are not able to drink large amounts of water, which may or may not be easily treated (depending on the underlying cause)?
ADH
Too little of what hormone can lead to low blood levels of calcium ions, which over time can provoke neurons and muscle fibers at neuromuscular junctions to spontaneously depolarize, leading to muscle spasms and tetany?
Calcitonin.
Examine the RAA pathway information in the mineral corticoids section of the chapter and determine if you can understand how ACEI’s would reduce blood pressure.
If BP increases, kidneys release Renin, which stimulates Angiotenogen to convert into Angiotensin I.
ACEI is a converting enzyme that converts Antiotensin I into Angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor (increases BP).
Blocking ACEI inhibits this process, and BP can decrease.
What is a the Vet’s concern of giving Prednisone for inflammation to a dog with an injury?
Predinisone (being a corticosteroid) would slow the healing process for the dog and hinder tissue repair.
What is the impact of hypoglycemia on Glucagon and Insulin production?
Glucagon increases.
Insulin decreases.
