CH. 22 Microbial diseases of the Nervous System

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Blood Brain Barrier

Encephalitis

Answer 1

• Brain and Spinal
• Cranial and Spinal Nerves

-capillaries wrapped by astrocyte
allows passage of lipid soluble substances

Question 2

What do 50+ bacteria cause?

Answer 2

Meningitis

Question 3

Meningitis

Answer 3

fever - headache - stiff neck 
nausea - vomiting 
Convulsions - coma
-Viral milder
-Enterovirus 
-measles, mumps, influenza

Question 4

Historically:

Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilis influenza
Neisseria meningitides

Answer 4

• pnuemococcal meningitis
• kids under 4
• meningococcal meningitis

Question 5

What was once most common and has a vaccine available?

Answer 5

Haemophilus influenza type B

Question 6

Neisseria meningitis and streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 6

without treatment 80% mortality rate, 40% of pop acts as carrier
Develops quickly so broad spectrum antibiotics are administered usually Cephalosporin

Question 7

Listeria Monocytogenes

Answer 7

• G+ rod, found in soil/water contaminated with animal feces
• mild in adults but can cause meningitits
• crosses placenta, causes still births
• grows in refridgerator
• transmission is food borne
• bacteriophage spray approved for deli meats
• Penicillin G is antibiotic of choice

Question 8

Clostridium Tetani

Answer 8

• G+, obligate anaerobe, spore forming rod
• Bacteria do no spread, no inflammation
• Lockjaw is first sign
• Spasms of respritory system causing death blocks relaxation pathway of skeletal muscle
• DTaP is a toxoid vaccine
• Fireworks / animal dung on umbilicus

Question 9

Clostridium Botulinum

Answer 9

• G+ obligate anaerobe, spore forming rod
• produces exotoxins in anaerobic environments
• blocks the release of Ach-flaccid paralysis
• Death from respritory or cardiac failure
• toxin can be destroyed
• Does not form in acidic food unless foods mold.

Question 10

What is Muktuk?

Answer 10

Sliced flippers of seals and whales tenderized in anaerobic jar until putrefaction.
Common among nativ alaskans

Question 11

What is infant botulism?

Answer 11

bid deal with honey; contains spores
-recovery slow, allowing time for nerve regeneration and may require respiratory therapy
Does not confer immunity

Question 12

Mycobacterium Leprae and M. Lepromatosis

Answer 12

• Hanses disease
• grows best at 30 degrees
• invades myelin sheath of PNS
• 12 day generation time
• will not grow on artificial medium
• Tuberculoid form: discolored patches on skin
• lepramatous form: skin cells infected nodules on body
• may be years before symptomatic

Question 13

Viral Disease’

Polio

Answer 13

Most asymptomatic or mild

• vermont - 1894
• Fecal - oral transmission
• multiples in the throat and small intestine- may enter CNS
• Antibodies cross placenta- giving fetus protection
• Vaccine : attenuated viruses

Question 14

Rabies

Answer 14

• Cause fatal encephalitis
• Proliferate - travels
• silver haired bats
• often misdiagnosed
• immune system does not respond because
• Bites to hands and face most dangerous

Question 15

Encephalitis

Answer 15

• Symptoms range from mild to severe
• chills/headache/fever/confusion/coma/death
• mosquito borne virus
• equine encephalitis

Question 16

Fungal, Protozoan, Prion

Answer 16

Cryptococcus - fungal meningitis
African Trypanosomiasis - trypanosoma brucei TSE TSE FLY
Bovine Spongioform encephalopathy