CH. 19 Disorders Associated with the Immune System

Question 1

Hypersensitivity:

Answer 1

antigen response beyond normal. aka: allergy

Question 2

Allergen:

Answer 2

antigen that caused the immune response.

Question 3

What are the four types of hypersensitive reactions?

Answer 3

Anaphylactic, Cytotoxic, Immune Complex, and Cell Mediated.

Question 4

1. Anaphylactic Reactions

Answer 4

occurs 2-30 minutes after a person has been exposed.

Question 5

Systemic:

Answer 5

produce shock and breathing problems, may be fatal.

Question 6

Local:

Answer 6

have fever and hives.

Question 7

What causes a common allergic reaction?

Answer 7

antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils, the cells release histamines.

Question 8

What do Leukotrienes and prostaglandins cause once they are released?

Answer 8

Leakotrienes: cause spasms of the smooth muscle in the respiratory tract.
Protaglandins: increase mucus production.

Question 9

What is the response called that these chemicals create?

Answer 9

Chemotaxic response

Question 10

Systemic Reaction (anaphylactic shock)?

Answer 10

occurs when a person is introduced to an antigen a second time
BP drops causing shock
Death may occur quickly

Question 11

Local Reaction

Answer 11

associated with antigens that are ingested or inhaled

Question 12

A local reaction involves cells from where?

Answer 12

mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract.
A. pollen spores, feces of dust mites, animal dander
Treated with antihistamines.

Question 13

Food intolerances:

Answer 13

antigens that enter through the digestive tract.

cause: diarrhea

Question 14

What are 97% of food allergies caused by?

Answer 14

eggs, peanuts, tree grown nuts, milk, soy, fish, wheat, and peas.

Question 15

What are sulfites for?

Answer 15

preserve food and cause allergies.

Question 16

In prevention what is desensitization?

Answer 16

a series of injections of small amounts of the antigen under the skin in hopes that IgG antibodies will be forms to stop the IgEs from creating a response.

Question 17

2. What is a Cytotoxic Reaction?

Answer 17

Stimulates the activation of the complement system causing the effected cell to lyse.

Question 18

When does this cytotoxic reaction occur?

Answer 18

Type of reaction created when an incorrect blood type is given or Rh factors are not compatible.

Question 19

3. What is an Immune Complex Reaction?

Answer 19

For when there is a specific ratio of antigens to antibodies.

Question 20

What do Immune Complex Reactions target?

Answer 20

Target the basement membrane beneath the cells of vessels causing an inflammatory reaction.

Question 21

Filtration units of the kidneys are attacked:

Answer 21

Glomerulonephritis

Question 22

4. What is Cell Mediated Reactions?

Answer 22

created by T cells a day or more after exposure.

antigen caused T cells to divide and create memory cells.

Question 23

Where are the symptoms found in cell mediated reactions?

Answer 23

on the skin.

ie. poison ivy, jewelry and cosmetics, latex

Question 24

Autoimmune Diseases:

Answer 24

occurs when there is a loss of self tolerance (ability to discriminate between self and non-self)

Question 25

A. Autoimmunity:

Answer 25

occurs when the antibodies attack “self”

Question 26

B. Cytotoxic:

Answer 26

antibodies react with antigens on the surface of cells as seen with over active thyroid conditions.

Question 27

C. Immune complex:

Answer 27

antibodies target certain components of patient’s cells as in lupus, rheumatoid arthritis.
May destroy the glomeruli of the kidneys

Question 28

D. Cell mediated

Answer 28

T cells and macrophages attack cells ie. multiple sclerosis and insulin dependent diabetes.