ch 17 pt 2 Flashcards
prostate lesions vary by region, with 70-80% of carcinomas in the ___ zone, and hyperplasia in the ____ zone, which surrounds the urethra
peripheral
transitional
two types of prostatitis that make up about 10% of prostatitis combined (both occur 2-5%)
acute bacterial
chronic bacterial
MC cause of prostatitis that is AKA chronic pelvic pain syndrome, prostatodynia
chronic nonbacterial (90-95%)
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the increase in cells overall size (glandular hyperplasia), causes large well-circumscribed nodules in this zone:
transitional zone
BPH occurs in __% of males > __ yo, though only 10% are symptomatic (involves urethral obstruction)
90%
70
__% of male CA is prostate CA, and ___% of them are glandular adenocarcinoma
25
100
prostate cancer occurs 70-80% of the time in the ___ zone as a small, firm mass with an increased risk over 50 yo, MC___-___
peripheral
65-75
prostate CA mets in advanced stages, MC to the:
axial skeleton (osteoblastic mets)
blocking of ureteropelvic jxn seen in infatns and young boys
hydronephrosis
ureter blockage type that causes severe ureter pain, flank pain, may pass on its own within 4 weeks or after a lithotripsy
renal calculus
acquired urethral obstruction that is MC small and asymptomatic but can cause infection
diverticula
urinary bladder general inflam
cystitis
__% of CA dx are bladder cancer, with 90% of those being ____ carcinoma
7%
urothelial
___ infection, common in egypt can cause SCC
schistosoma (blood fluke)
risks for bladder ca include being male 50-80 yo, chronic bladder irritation, or living in this type of environment
industrialized/urban
bladder ca has high recurrence and causes painless _____, and is tx with a radical ____
hematuria
cystectomy
2 MC std in US
genital herpes
HPV
organism that causes syphilis, which is transmitted via direct mucosal contact or transplacentally, will cause a chancre
treponema pallidium
demographic most at risk for syphilis
african american (30x)
- pathology seen in the primary stage of syphilis
- resolves in 4-6 wk
chancre
palmar rash, lymphadenopathy, condyloma latum are the patholgies of syphilis seen in the ___ stage
secondary
three pathologies seen in tertiary stage syphilis
neurosyphilis
aortitis
gummas (uncommon modernly)
congenital syphilis usually results in one of these two things
late abortion
stillbirth (40% if untx)
saddle nose deform, periostitis, mulberry molars, hutchinson’s teeth are all seen in what std
congenital syphilis
