ch 11 pt 3 Flashcards
reduced ____ are seen in reticulocytopenia, aplastic crisis, and is caused by reduced erythropoiesis
reticulocytes
____ anemias are caused by folic acid and vit b12 deficiencies
megaloblastic
___ deficiency is the mc cause of anemia as 80% is in hb, and it is the mc nutritional deficiency
-reduces hemoglobin synthesis
iron
in developing nations, iron def is caused by ____, while in devloped nations it is caused by ____
-rarely, increased metab demands such as preg/infancy
decreased intake
chronic blood loss
two sources of chronic blood loss in developed countries, which leads to anemia
GI tract (ulcers, colon CA, hemorrhoids) female genital tract
iron def anemia is either asymp or mild, but presents with fatigue, impaired cognition, and ____
pica
in megaloblastic anemia there is the prod of ____, with macrocytes that are macrocytic and hyperchromic
megaloblasts
(3) demographic for rare folate deficiency anemia, which is insidious, causes fatigue and weakness
elderly
preg
alcoholism
___ in peripheral blood and normal B12 are used to dx folate def anemia
macrocytes
def anemia that disrupts maintenance of pns and sc, and is MC due to chronic malabs from mucosal atrophy MC in elderly
vit b12 (pernicious)
a pt with fatigue, pallor, weakness, dyspnea, neuropathy, ataxia may have what type of anemia
vit b12 def
neuro recover is unlikely with vit b12 def anemia, and a pt will have a subtle increased risk of ___ carcinoma
gastric
anemia of chronic disease is MC among the ____, and has decreased erythropoiesis due to inflam - such as chronic/systemic inflam d/o
hospitalized
three causes of anemia of chronic disease
microbial infections
immune d/o
neoplasia
___ anemia is the suppression of myeloid stem cells and involves bone marrow failure
->1/2 are idiopathic, with a poor prog, via myelotoxic agents like adrs, toxins
aplastic
aplastic anemia may have _____, which is decreased RBC, WBC, platelets
pancytopenia
aplastic anemia can be caused by autoimmunity as seen in autoreactive ____, which attack bone marrow
t cells
features of aplastic anemia are progressive, includes petechiae but ____ is characteristically absent
splenomegaly
tx for aplastic anemia
immunosuppressive meds
____ anemia has extensive infiltration of bone marrow, MC from mets to the bone (then breast, lung, prostate), also from chronic ____ disease such as tb
myelophthisic
granulomatous
teardrop shaped rbc as seen in myelophthisic anemia
dacrocyte
____ involves in increased concentration of rbcs and therefore increased hb
polycythemia
___ polycythemia has decreased plasma, is from dehydration leading to hemoconcentration while ___ polycythemia has increased total RBC mass and is primarily a prolif of myeloid stem cells
relative
absolute
secondary absolute polycythemia has increased serum ___ due to hypoxia or exogenous measures like blood doping
EPO
