ch 17 pt 1 Flashcards
penis malform with an abnormal urethral orifice on the VENTRAL surface & us MC is called _____, while one on the DORSAL surface is _____
hypospadias
epispadias
balanitis is inflam of the ____, balanoposthitis is inflam of the ____, and inflam due to an inability to retract prepuce bc of scarring is called ___ (MC acquired, may be congenital)
glans penis
prepuce
phimosis
two risk factors of balanitis, phimosis
poor hygiene
uncircumcised
95% of penile neoplasms are:
SCC
two high-risk HPV’s that increase risk of penile SCC, along with being uncirc, >40yo, poor hygiene
HPV 16
HPV 18
penile SCC presents with erythema, pain, abnormal ____ and fails to ____, and are treated with a penectomy
texture
heal
hydrocele is an increase serous fluid in the ___ ___, and is the MC cause of scrotal enlargement
tunica vaginalis
hydrocele can be diagnosed via ____, to rule out pus, lymph, blood accum
transluminescence
chylocele is the accum of lymph, and will occur in ____, via elephantiasis tropica
filariasis
failure of testicle to descend, can occur normally in newborns, but MC idiopathic
cryptorchidism
risk from cryptorchidism that if occurring by 5-6 yrs can lead to sterility
testicular atrophy
cryptorchidism increases risk for testicular CA by:
3-5x
____ is inflam of epididymis, MC unilat, while ___ is inflam of testis that presents with pain, bloody ejac, edema
epididymitis
orchitis
inflam of epididymis and testis commonly begin as a UTI, but can also be from these two infections
mumps virus
TB (caseous granulomas)
TESTICULAR TORSION (of spermatic cord) causes engorgement, acute pain, and occurs in neonates but MC in adults with:
bell-clapper deformity (INCREASES mobility)
MC demographic for testicular neoplasia, which has a generally good prognosis
15-34 yo
___% of testicular neoplasia pt have cryptorchidism, and those with a brother who had CA have a ____ increased risk
- caucasians, CA in other teste
- gonadal dysgenesis, androgen insensitivity
10%
8-10x
sex cord-stromal tumors are benign, but _____ are malignant and come in two types, seminomas and nonseminomatous
germ cell tumors (GCT)
the malignant germ cell tumors can form from precancerous ______ ___ __ neoplasia
intratubular germ cell
50% of GCTs are _____, which occur in pt 40-50 yo and have a favorable prognosis
seminomas
- seminoma has large ___ cells with ___ borders, uniform and round nuclei
- lesions are soft, gray-white, with ____ borders
round
distinct
well-demarcated
type of nonseminomatous GCT that is invasive, and seen in 20-30 year olds, has indistinct cell borders
embryonal carcinoma (lance armstrong)
nonseminomatous GCT that is large, seen in pt AGE 3, favorable
yolk sac tumor
nonseminomatous GCT that is a small mass, age 20-30, with INCREASED hCG 100% of the time
choriocarcinoma
nonseminomatous GCT that is a firm mass that invades ALL 3 germ cell layers in all ages
teratoma
embryonal carcinoma tumor cells have _____, indisctinct borders, and the lesion is ____ and bloody
undifferentiated
hemorrhagic
_____ tend to be well contained and radiosensitive, but ______ GCT are more aggressive and can mets via lymph and blood
seminoma
nonseminomatous
in general, testicular CA has a ____, non-translucent mass that is treated with a radical ____ and there is assumed malignancy
painless
orchiectomy
