ch 14 endocrine part 2

Question 1

acromegaly

Answer 1

rare hormonal disorder in adulthood, usually caused by a GH-secreting pituitary tumor (adenoma) that promotes the soft tissue and bones of the face, hands, and feet to grow larger than normal

Question 2

diuresis

Answer 2

increased formation and secretion of urine

Question 3

glycosuria

Answer 3

abnormal amount of glucose in the urine

Question 4

graves disease

Answer 4

multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland (goiter) and exophthalmos (abnormal protrusion of the eyeball)

Question 5

hirsutism

Answer 5

excessive distribution of the body hair, especially in women

Question 6

hypercalcemia

Answer 6

condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal

Question 7

hyperkalemia

Answer 7

condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal

Question 8

hypervolemia

Answer 8

abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma (liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid) in the body

Question 9

hyponatremia

Answer 9

lower than normal level of sodium in the blood

Question 10

insulinoma

Answer 10

tumor of the islets of langerhans of the pancreas

Question 11

obesity

Answer 11

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight

Question 12

morbid obesity

Answer 12

body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight

Question 13

panhypopituitarism

Answer 13

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity

Question 14

pheochromocytoma

Answer 14

small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla, causing elevated heart rate and blood

Question 15

thyroid storm

Answer 15

crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis

Question 16

virilism

Answer 16

masculinization or development of male secondary sex characteristics in a women

Question 17

exophthalmometry

Answer 17

Measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball (exophthalmos) as seen in graves disease

Question 18

parathyroidectomy

Answer 18

excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism

Question 19

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

Answer 19

endoscopic procedure to surgically remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without disturbing brain tissue

Question 20

thymectomy

Answer 20

excision of the thymus gland

Question 21

thyroidectomy

Answer 21

excision of the entire thyroid gland (thyroidectomy), a part of it (subtotal thyroidectomy), or a single lobe (thyroid lobectomy)

Question 22

fasting blood sugar

Answer 22

test that measure glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours

Question 23

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

Answer 23

screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken afterward at regular intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood

Question 24

insulin tolerance test (ITT)

Answer 24

diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the veins to assess pituitary function, adrenal function, and to determine insulin sensitivity

Question 25

thyroid function test (TFT)

Answer 25

test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function

Question 26

total calcium test

Answer 26

test that measures calcium to detect bone and parathyroid disorders

Question 27

computed tomography (CT)

Answer 27

imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

Question 28

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 28

noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce multiplayer cross-sectional images

Question 29

radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)

Answer 29

administration of a radioactive iodine (RAI) in pill or liquid form is used as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up (uptake) iodine from the blood

Question 30

Thyroid scan

Answer 30

images of the thyroid gland are obtained after oral or intravenous administration of a small dose of radioactive iodine

Question 31

antidiuretics

Answer 31

reduce or control excretion of urine

Question 32

antithyroids

Answer 32

treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3, and T4 hormone
antithyroid are administered in preparation for thyroidectomy and in thyrotoxic crisis

Question 33

corticosteroids

Answer 33

replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency (addison disease)
widely used to suppress inflammation, control allergic reactions, reduce rejection in transplantation, and treat some cancers.

Question 34

growth hormone replacements

Answer 34

increased skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults
growth hormones increase spinal bone density and help manage growth failure in children

Question 35

insulins

Answer 35

lower blood glucose levels by promoting its entrance into body cells and converting glucose to glycogen (a starch- storage form of glucose) Type 1 diabetes must always be treated with insulin. insulin can also be administered through an implanted pump

Question 36

oral antidiabetics

Answer 36

treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin
Antidiabetic drugs are not insulin and they are not used in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus

Question 37

thyroid supplements

Answer 37

replace or supplement thyroid hormones each thyroid supplement contains T3, T4, or a combination of bath. Thyroid supplement are also used to treat some types of thyroid cancer.