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medical term > ch 10 musalketal part 2 > Flashcards

ch 10 musalketal part 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anklyosis

A

stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal fusion

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2
Q

bunion (hallux valgus)

A

deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe (angulation) which may cause the tissue surrounding the joint to become swollen and tender

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3
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass)

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4
Q

claudication

A

lameness, limping

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5
Q

cotracture

A

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

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6
Q

crepitation

A

dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

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7
Q

exacerbation

A

increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms; also called flare

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8
Q

ganglion cyst

A

fluid-filled tumor that most commonly develops along the tendons of the wrists or joints, but may also appear in the feet

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9
Q

hemarthrosis

A

effusion of blood into a joint cavity

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10
Q

herniated disk

A

rupture of vertebral disk’s center (nucleus pulposus) through its outer edge and back towards the spinal canal with pressure on the adjacent spinal nerve that results in pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs

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11
Q

hypotonia

A

loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching

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12
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant tumor of plasma cells (cells that help the body fight infection by producing antibodies) in the bone marrow

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13
Q

phantom limb

A

perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists

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14
Q

rickets

A

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis

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15
Q

sequestrum

A

fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

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16
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it

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17
Q

spondylosis

A

degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues

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18
Q

sprain

A

tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight , moderate, or complete

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19
Q

strain

A

muscular trauma caused by violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch

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20
Q

subluxation

A

partial or incomplete dislocation

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21
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot

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22
Q

electromyography

A

use of electrical stimulation to diagnose the health of muscle and the nerve cells that control them (motor neurons)

23
Q

reduction

A

procedure that restores a bone to its normal position

24
Q

closed

A

reduction in which fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery

25
Q

open

A

reduction in which fractured bones are placed in their proper position during surgery

26
Q

bone immobilization

A

procedures used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process

27
Q

casting

A

bone immobilization by application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of paris or similar material

28
Q

splinting

A

bone immobilization by application of an orthopedic device to the injured body part

29
Q

traction

A

bone immobilization by application of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture

30
Q

amputation

A

partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or a circulatory disease

31
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid

32
Q

arthroclasia

A

surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement

33
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structure using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope, called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and miniature camera that projects images on monitor

34
Q

bone grafting

A

implantation or transplantation of bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue

35
Q

bursectomy

A

excision of bursa (padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints)

36
Q

laminectomy

A

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra

37
Q

prosthesis fitting

A

replacement of a missing part by artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity

38
Q

revision surgery

A

surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn-out prosthesis

39
Q

bone

A

revision surgery to correct misalignment of bones, broken prostheses, and bone fractures occurring around the prostheses

40
Q

sequestrectomy

A

excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)

41
Q

synovectomy

A

excision of a synovial membrane

42
Q

total hip replacement

A

surgical procedure to replace to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis

43
Q

arthrography

A

series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint

44
Q

bone density test (bone densitometry)

A

noninvasive procedure that uses low energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and usually measures bone of the spine, hip, and forearm; also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

45
Q

discography

A

radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium

46
Q

lumbosacral spinal radiography

A

radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine

47
Q

myelography

A

radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions

48
Q

bone

A

scintigraphy in which the radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone

49
Q

calcium supplements

A

treat and prevent hypocalcemia
over-the-counter calcium supplements are numerous and are contained in many antacids as a secondary therapeutic effect . they are used to prevent osteoporosis when normal diet is lacking adequate amounts of calcium

50
Q

gold salts

A

treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system
gold salts contain actual gold in capsules or in solution for injection. this agent prevents furher disease progression but cannot reverse past damage

51
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

decrease pain and suppress inflammation NSAIDs are used to treat acute musculoskeletal conditions, such as sprains and strains, and inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, gout, and tendinitis

52
Q

salicylates

A

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation
anti-inflammatory abilities and alleviate pain.aspirin is the oldest drug in this classification that is used to treat arthritis

53
Q

muscle relaxants

A

relieve muscle spasm and stiffness
muscle relaxants are also prescribed for muscle spasm due to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, and stroke

54
Q

Scintigraphy

A

Nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes varies tissues and organs after administration radionuclide

medical term (15 decks)

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