CH 11: BLM 11-1 and 11-2 Flashcards
What does the larynx contain?
the vocal cords
What does the lung contain?
millions of alveoli
What is the nasal cavity?
space in which air is warmed, moistened, and filtered
What is the diaphragm?
large muscular sheet that contracts to increase thoracic pressure
What is the nostril?
where air first enters the body
What is the pharynx?
a cross-road leading to the esophagus or the trachea
What are bronchioles?
smaller, numerous branches leading to the alveoli
What is the trachea?
tube with cartilaginous rings that allow air to pass to the bronchus
What is the glottis?
a slit within the vocal cords
What is the bronchus?
a branch off the trachea leading to the bronchioles
What does the epiglottis do?
prevents food from entering the trachea
What is the function of the nose?
provides a passageway for the entrance of air
Describe what air is like in the nasal cavity.
moist, warm, and filtered
What special cells/structures are present in the nasal cavity?
cilia hairs mucous-producing cells rich supply of blood bony ridges (help with condensation)
Under what circumstances does a person breathe with the mouth instead of the nose? (2)
- when the oxygen supply is depleted, and breathing rate increases, larger volumes of air can be inhaled from the mouth
- when the nasal passageway is blocked due to cold/congestion (etc.), the mouth provides and alternate air passageway
How is air within the trachea different in “mouth-breathing” compared to “nose-breathing.”
- contains pollution/particles because it’s not filtered by hair/cilia
- lower temperature
- less moist
What are the advantages of breathing through the nose?
- increased filtration
- greater chance to warm and moisten the air, improving the diffusion rate
What are the disadvantages of breathing through the nose?
less air comes in
What are the advantages of breathing through the mouth?
- provides an alternate pathway when breathing through the nose is not possible
- allows for a greater intake of air when necessary
What are the disadvantages of breathing through the mouth?
- air will contain more pollution/particles because it’s not filtered by hair/cilia
- air will be lower in temperature
- air will be less moist
What is the epiglottis and what does it do?
a trap door that prevents food/liquids from entering the trachea and eventually into the lungs
Why is it no possible to swallow and breathe at the same time?
the epiglottis closes over the trachea when you swallow
What is coughing?
a reflex that is triggered when there is an irritant
What does coughing provide?
a means for removing irritants
What happens when someone sneezes?
air rushes out at a very fast speed, quickly removing dust/debris that is slowly gathered by cilia and mucus
