CH 11: BLM 11-1 and 11-2

Question 1

What does the larynx contain?

Answer 1

the vocal cords

Question 2

What does the lung contain?

Answer 2

millions of alveoli

Question 3

What is the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

space in which air is warmed, moistened, and filtered

Question 4

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 4

large muscular sheet that contracts to increase thoracic pressure

Question 5

What is the nostril?

Answer 5

where air first enters the body

Question 6

What is the pharynx?

Answer 6

a cross-road leading to the esophagus or the trachea

Question 7

What are bronchioles?

Answer 7

smaller, numerous branches leading to the alveoli

Question 8

What is the trachea?

Answer 8

tube with cartilaginous rings that allow air to pass to the bronchus

Question 9

What is the glottis?

Answer 9

a slit within the vocal cords

Question 10

What is the bronchus?

Answer 10

a branch off the trachea leading to the bronchioles

Question 11

What does the epiglottis do?

Answer 11

prevents food from entering the trachea

Question 12

What is the function of the nose?

Answer 12

provides a passageway for the entrance of air

Question 13

Describe what air is like in the nasal cavity.

Answer 13

moist, warm, and filtered

Question 14

What special cells/structures are present in the nasal cavity?

Answer 14

cilia
hairs
mucous-producing cells
rich supply of blood
bony ridges (help with condensation)

Question 15

Under what circumstances does a person breathe with the mouth instead of the nose? (2)

Answer 15

• when the oxygen supply is depleted, and breathing rate increases, larger volumes of air can be inhaled from the mouth
• when the nasal passageway is blocked due to cold/congestion (etc.), the mouth provides and alternate air passageway

Question 16

How is air within the trachea different in “mouth-breathing” compared to “nose-breathing.”

Answer 16

• contains pollution/particles because it’s not filtered by hair/cilia
• lower temperature
• less moist

Question 17

What are the advantages of breathing through the nose?

Answer 17

• increased filtration

- greater chance to warm and moisten the air, improving the diffusion rate

Question 18

What are the disadvantages of breathing through the nose?

Answer 18

less air comes in

Question 19

What are the advantages of breathing through the mouth?

Answer 19

• provides an alternate pathway when breathing through the nose is not possible
• allows for a greater intake of air when necessary

Question 20

What are the disadvantages of breathing through the mouth?

Answer 20

• air will contain more pollution/particles because it’s not filtered by hair/cilia
• air will be lower in temperature
• air will be less moist

Question 21

What is the epiglottis and what does it do?

Answer 21

a trap door that prevents food/liquids from entering the trachea and eventually into the lungs

Question 22

Why is it no possible to swallow and breathe at the same time?

Answer 22

the epiglottis closes over the trachea when you swallow

Question 23

What is coughing?

Answer 23

a reflex that is triggered when there is an irritant

Question 24

What does coughing provide?

Answer 24

a means for removing irritants

Question 25

What happens when someone sneezes?

Answer 25

air rushes out at a very fast speed, quickly removing dust/debris that is slowly gathered by cilia and mucus