2.1 Basic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that takes up space or mass

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2
Q

What is an element?

A

a substance that cannot be broken down to simpler substances with different properties by ordinary chemical means

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3
Q

What is an atom?

A

the smallest part of an element that displays the properties of the element

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4
Q

Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons located?

A

protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus

electrons move around the nucleus

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5
Q

What is the atomic symbol?

A

1 or 2-letter symbol to represent the element

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6
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

the number of protons of all atoms of an element

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7
Q

What is the mass number?

A

the number of subatomic particles in an atom, the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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8
Q

What are protons’, neutrons’, and electrons’ AMU?

A

protons and neutrons have 1 AMU

electrons have 0 AMU

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9
Q

Why is the term atomic mass used instead of atomic weight?

A

mass is constant, while weight changes according to the gravitational force of a body

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10
Q

Which is the atomic symbol, atomic number, and mass number?

12
6 C

A

12: mass number
6: atomic number
C: atomic symbol

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11
Q

What is an isotope?

A

atom of the same element that differs in the number of neutrons

same number of protons, different atomic masses

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12
Q

What is a radioactive isotope?

A

isotopes that decay and release various types of energy in the form of rays and subatomic particles

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13
Q

How is low radiation beneficial to humans?

A

used as tracers in medical testing and imaging

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14
Q

How is radiation harmful to humans?

A

can harm cells, damage DNA, cause cancer, nuclear weapons

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15
Q

What are the primary elements in Earth’s crust?

A

silicon, aluminum, oxygen

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16
Q

What are the primary elements in organisms?

A

oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and phosphorus

17
Q

How is high radiation beneficial to humans?

A

kills cancer cells, sterilizes medical and dental products