3.1 Cellular Level of Organization Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cell theory?

A
  • all organisms are made up of basic living units called cells
  • all cells come only from previously existing cells
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2
Q

Why are small cells a great advantage for multicellular organisms?

A

LARGER CELLS REQUIRE MORE NUTRIENTS AND PRODUCES MORE WASTES THAN A SMALL CELL

nutrients (ie. glucose and oxygen) enter a cell and wastes (ie. carbon dioxide) exit a cell at its surface therefore the amount of SA affects the ability to get material into and out of the cell

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3
Q

What happens when a cell gets larger in volume?

A

the proportionate amount of SA decreases

ie. cube-shape: volume increases by (h x w x l) while SA increases by (h x w x 6)

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4
Q

What happens to volume and SA when a cell doubles in size?

A

SA increases fourfold
volume increases eightfold

therefore small cells are likely to have a more adequate SA for exchanging nutrients and wastes

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5
Q

What does cell division restore?

A

the amount of SA needed for adequate exchange of materials

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6
Q

Why do cells tend to be small and not large?

A

greater SA:V ratio gets things in and out more efficiently

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7
Q

What shape or feature do cells might have to increase its SA:V ratio?

A
  • surface foldings can increase SA and therefore the ratio
  • cells that specialize in absorption have modifications that greatly increase their ratio
  • long and thin have greater SA than round and fat
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8
Q

Give an example of a feature of a cell that increases SA:V ratio.

A

cells that specialize in absorption such as columnar epithelial cells along the surface of the intestinal wall have surface foldings called microvilli that increases SA

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