Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation Textbook Questions Flashcards
Review questions from textbook.
In what way does physiology depend on anatomy?
The operation or function of a structure (physiology) is promoted or prevented by the anatomy of the structure.
Would you be studying anatomy or physiology if you investigated how muscles shorten?
When investigating how muscles shorten, one is studying physiology.
Would you be studying anatomy or physiology if you explored the location of the lungs in the body?
When exploring the location of the lungs in the body, one is studying anatomy.
What level of structural organization is typical of a cytologist’s field of study?
Cytologists study the cellular level of organization.
What is the correct structural order for the following terms: tissue, organism, organ, cell?
The order in structural hierarchy is: cell, tissue, organ, and organism.
Chemical (Atom-Molecule)-Cellular (Organelle-Cell)-Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Organism
What separates living beings from nonliving objects?
Living organisms can MMM GRR DE: maintain their boundaries, move, carry out metabolism, grow, reproduce, respond to environmental changes, digest nutrients, excrete waste. While nonliving objects may exhibit some of these properties, they do not exhibit all of them.
What name is given to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells?
Metabolism is the term that encompasses all the chemical reactions that occur in body cells.
Nutrients and wastes are exchanged across an important boundary between two fluid compartments. What are the names of the boundary and fluids?
Nutrients and wastes are exchanged between the intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid across the plasma membrane.
What process allows us to adjust to either extreme heat or extreme cold?
The negative feedback mechanisms allow us to adjust to conditions outside the normal temperature range by causing heat to be lost from the body in hot conditions or retained/generated by the body in cold conditions.
Why are the control systems called positive feedback mechanism and negative feedback mechanism?
A positive feedback mechanism enhances the change set in motion by the stimulus increasing the response.
A negative feedback mechanism produces a response which terminates the stimulus.
When we begin to get dehydrated, we usually get thirsty, which causes us to drink fluids. Is thirst part of a negative or a positive feedback control system?
The sensation of thirst is a negative feedback mechanism. It prompts an organism to take in fluids allowing body fluid to return to normal range which then terminates the sensation.
What is the anatomical position?
The anatomical position is a person standing erect with feet slightly separated, arms along the sides of the body, and the face, toes, and palms facing forward (anteriorly).
The axillary and acromial regions are both in the general area of the shoulder. Where specifically is each located?
The acromial region is the superior and lateral corner of the shoulder.
The axillary region is the inferior aspect of the shoulder colloquially known as the armpit.
What type of cut would separate the brain into anterior and posterior parts?
A coronal/frontal cut would separate the brain into anterior and posterior parts.
Of the uterus, small intestine, spinal cord, and heart, which is/are in the dorsal body cavity?
Of the given organs, only the spinal cord is in the dorsal body cavity.
When you rub your cold hands together, the friction between them results in heat that warms your hands. Why doesn’t warming friction result during movements of the heart, lungs and digestive organs?
As mobile organs work, friction is greatly reduced by the presence of the serous membranes and serous fluid. The serous fluid allows the serous membranes to glide over each other, thus reducing friction.
