Ch 1. Historical Foundations of fire and Emergency Services

Question 1

_____ are always thinking about the future and looking ahead. (1)

Answer 1

Leaders

Question 2

By _____, you can gain insight into the foundation of these organizations, avoid mistakes from the past, and identify what works in the present to serve as a guide toward a brighter future. (1)

Answer 2

examining the history of EMS

Question 3

Your role in leadership, administration, and management can be enhanced with _____ and _____. (1)

Answer 3

knowledge of the history and current status of the FES profession

Question 4

The history of any profession is important because it _____ and _____. (1)

Answer 4

explains many current policies and points to issues that remain unresolved.

Question 5

Even with the lack of federal regulation, the equipment and procedures of these departments are relatively uniform because of _____. (2)

Answer 5

past initiatives, such as the ‘America is Burning Report’ [USFA 1973] and the Insurance Service Office (ISO) Grading Schedule

Question 6

Most of the uniformity among fire service practices and equipment that exists today is a direct result of _____ for Municipal fire Protection. (2)

Answer 6

the ISO Grading Schedule

Question 7

ISO Grading Schedule was created in the early 1900’s by _____, an organization whose members come from the insurance industry. (2)

Answer 7

the National Board of Fire Underwriters

Question 8

Municipalities that did not adopt the ISO’s recommendations faced the threat of _____. (2)

Answer 8

higher insurance costs

Question 9

ISO numerical rating is from Class ____ to ____. (2)

Answer 9

1 to 10 with 1 being the best rating

Question 10

The ISO grading schedule was originally created to _____. (2)

Answer 10

prevent large-scale conflagrations.

Question 11

The Commission on Fire Accreditation International self-assessment process can be used to measure fire department __3__. (3)

Answer 11

1) capabilities
2) response times
3) compliance with nationally recognized standards

Question 12

In 1968, the Fire Research and _____ Act was created. (3)

Answer 12

Safety

Question 13

In 1973, the national effort to professionalize the fire service started with _____. (3)

Answer 13

America Burning Reports

Question 14

_____ established the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control, who did the America Burning Reports. (3)

Answer 14

Fire Research and Safety act

Question 15

14 of the 90 recommendations formally listed by the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control. (3)

Answer 15

1) Establish a national fire data system
2) Increase the research and medical facilities for burn treatment
3) Make fire prevention at least equal to suppression in planning priorities
4) Use women for fire service duties
5) Increase the use of automatic aid
6) Recognize advanced and special education in hiring and promotions
7) Provide federal financial help for planning, training, equipment
8) Provide ambulance, paramedical, and rescue services where they are not provided by other agencies
9) Create the USFA and the National Fire Academy
10) Enforce adequate building and fire prevention codes
11) Require smoke alarms to protect sleeping areas and automatic extinguishing systems for high-rise buildings
12) Implement fire safety education in schools throughout the school year
13) annually inspect homes for fire safety
14) Develop technology for automatic extinguishing systems for all kinds of dwellings.

Question 16

Modern _____ started with the 1966 publication of the paper “Accidental Death and Disability: The neglected Disease of Modern Society,” by the National Academy of Sciences’ National Research Council. (3)

Answer 16

emergency medical services (EMS)

Question 17

When the Highway Safety Act of 1966 established the Emergency Medical Services Program in the _____, The ____ was given the authority to improve EMS through program implementation and development of standards for provider training. (4)

Answer 17

Department of Transportation (DOT); DOT

Question 18

Medics returning from _____ brought their experience to the field of prehospital care. (4)

Answer 18

the vietnam war

Question 19

The show _____ generated an increased interest in being a paramedic, luring people nationwide to get involved with fire departments and ambulance services. (4)

Answer 19

Emergency!

Question 20

To develop a professional service organization- one whose members are trained and qualified- fire and EMS professionals must rely on recognized national and international ____. In the fire service, this effort is led by _____. (4)

Answer 20

fire and EMS standards; the NFPA

Question 21

In the early 1900s, national and regional _____ were developed in response to fires plaguing many US cities. (4)

Answer 21

building and fire codes

Question 22

The ‘EMS Agenda for the Future’ led to the _____, created in 2000 to establish standardization, ensuring the competency of EMS professionals and working toward creating shared EMS resources for large scale disasters. (5)

Answer 22

‘EMS Education Agenda for the Future: A Systems Approach’

Question 23

In 2009, the NHTSA created the National EMS Standards, replacing the National Standard Curriculum. These standards defined the minimal entry level educational competencies for EMS personnel as identified in the _____. (5)

Answer 23

National EMS Scope of Practice Model.

Question 24

_____ provide training, equipment, and resources to prepare local FES organizations for terrorist activities, weapons of mass destruction and other extremist violence. (5)

Answer 24

FEMA, DOD and FBI

Question 25

The _____ has created regulations for storage, use, and transportation of hazardous materials. (5)

Answer 25

EPA

Question 26

The _____ has developed rules to protect fire and EMS personnel against the hazardous materials that they come into contact with in their jobs. (5)

Answer 26

OSHA

Question 27

The _____ developed the National Interagency Incident Management System, now called NIMS, in the early 1970s to ensure that fire protection agencies were prepared and organized to be able to fight destructive wildfires in southern California. (6)

Answer 27

Forest Service

Question 28

The _____ was created to protect American citizens from terrorist attacks. (7)

Answer 28

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

Question 29

The number 1 priority of the DHS is to _____. (7)

Answer 29

prevent the occurrence of a terrorist attack.

Question 30

_____ has always been more effective than responding to an emergency in progress. (7)

Answer 30

preventing problems

Question 31

____ of all home fire deaths reported occurred in households without smoke alarms. (8)

Answer 31

40%

Question 32

At this time, fees can be charged only for _____ of a patient and not for emergency medical care provided by first responders. (9)

Answer 32

transportation

Question 33

The danger that _____ is always present. (9)

Answer 33

inflation and increasing oil prices might cripple the economy

Question 34

The only thing that is for certain, is that _____. (9)

Answer 34

change will hapen

Question 35

A 2010 scientific-based study at NIST showed that _____ largely affects the company’s ability to protect lives and property. (9)

Answer 35

the size of firefighting companies

Question 36

Although careless smoking habits are a leading cause of fire deaths, these deaths are decreasing thanks to _____ and _____. (9)

Answer 36

the increased effectiveness of smoke alarms and a decrease in the number of smokers.

Question 37

Fire departments are now placing more emphasis on fire prevention, specifically through the use of _____. (9-10)

Answer 37

modern building and fire codes

Question 38

The first step in preparation is being _____ and _____. (10)

Answer 38

informed and educated

Question 39

One of the most important developments in the modern fire service occurred in

1968. Commonly referred to as the America Burning Report, the actual name was
      the: (3)

Answer 39

Fire and Emergency Services Act

Question 40

What percentage of fire

stations in the U. S. are more than 40 years old? (8)

Answer 40

38%