Cerebral Vasculature

Question 1

Perfusion demands of brain

Answer 1

Brain makes up 2% of body weight but uses 10-20% cardiac output 20% body oxygen and 66% liver glucose

Question 2

Blood supply to brain

Answer 2

Internal carotid
Vertebral
Common carotid

Question 3

Venous drainage

Answer 3

Cerebral veins drain into venous sinuses in the dura mater then into the internal jugular vein

Question 4

Types of haemorrage

Answer 4

Extradural-trauma,immediate clinical effects (arterial bleed thus high pressure)

Subdural-trauma can be delayed by clinical effects (venous bleed thus low pressure)

Subarachnoid-ruptured aneurysms

Intracerebral-spontaneous hypertensive usually due to hypertension

Question 5

Stroke

Answer 5

Cerebrovascular accident
Rapidly developing focal disturbance of brain function of presumed vascular origin and > 24 hours

Thromboembolic (85%) or haemorrage (15%)

Question 6

Transient ischaemic attack

Answer 6

Rapidly developing focal disturbance of brain function of presumed vascular origin that resolves completely in 24 hours

Infarction-degenerative changes which occur in tissue following occlusion of an artery

Cerebral ischaemia-lack of sufficient blood supply to nervous tissue resulting in permanent damage if blood flow isn’t restored

Usually caused loss of functional area also means you are at a high risk of stroke

Question 7

Thromboembolic stroke

Answer 7

Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot

Embolism is the plugging of small vessel by material carried from larger vessel eg thrombi from heart or atherosclerotic debris from internal carotid

Question 8

Strike risk factors

Answer 8

Age
Hypertension
Cardiac disease
Smoking
Diabetes

Question 9

Anterior cerebral artery symptoms

Answer 9

Paralysis of contralateral structures (legs>arm,face)

Disturbance if intellect and executive function and judgment (abulia)

Loss of appropriate social behavior

Question 10

Middle cerebral artery

Answer 10

Classic stroke
Contralateral hemiplegia (upper limbs eg arm more affected)
Contralateral hemisensory deficits as primary somatosensory cortex affected
Hemianopia (loss of half visual field
Aphasia (Lsided lesion) as brocas and wernickes affected

Question 11

Posterior cerebral artery deficits

Answer 11

Visual deficits
Homonymous hemianopia
Visual agnosia

Question 12

Major evidence of stroke

Answer 12

Yellow discoloration is a build up of atheroma,fatty deposits which cause atherosclerosis