Central retinal vein occlusion

Question 1

What is central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)?

Answer 1

A differential for sudden painless loss of vision

CRVO is often associated with other ocular and systemic conditions.

Question 2

What are the risk factors for CRVO?

Answer 2

• Increasing age
• Hypertension
• Cardiovascular disease
• Glaucoma
• Polycythaemia

These factors increase the likelihood of developing CRVO.

Question 3

What are the key features of CRVO?

Answer 3

• Sudden, painless reduction or loss of visual acuity, usually unilaterally
• Widespread hyperaemia observed on fundoscopy
• Severe retinal haemorrhages described as ‘stormy sunset’

These features help in the clinical diagnosis of CRVO.

Question 4

What is a key differential diagnosis for CRVO?

Answer 4

Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)

BRVO occurs due to blockage of retinal veins at arteriovenous crossings.

Question 5

What causes branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)?

Answer 5

Blockage of retinal veins at arteriovenous crossings

BRVO affects a more limited area of the fundus compared to CRVO.

Question 6

How are the majority of patients with CRVO managed?

Answer 6

Conservatively

Conservative management includes observation and regular follow-up.

Question 7

What are the indications for treatment in patients with CRVO?

Answer 7

• Macular oedema - intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents
• Retinal neovascularization - laser photocoagulation

Treatment is indicated based on the presence of these complications.