Allergic conjunctivitis

Question 1

What is allergic conjunctivitis often seen in the context of?

Answer 1

Hay fever

Allergic conjunctivitis can occur alone but is frequently associated with hay fever.

Question 2

What are the bilateral symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 2

• Conjunctival erythema
• Conjunctival swelling (chemosis)

These symptoms occur on both sides of the eyes.

Question 3

What symptom is prominent in allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 3

Itch

Itching is a key feature that distinguishes allergic conjunctivitis from other types.

Question 4

What may occur in addition to conjunctival symptoms in allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 4

Swelling of the eyelids

Eyelid swelling can accompany the conjunctival symptoms.

Question 5

What is a common history associated with allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 5

Atopy

A personal or family history of atopic conditions may be present.

Question 6

What are the two types of allergic conjunctivitis based on duration?

Answer 6

• Seasonal (due to pollen)
• Perennial (due to dust mite, washing powder, or other allergens)

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is often triggered by environmental factors that vary with the seasons.

Question 7

What is the first-line management for allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 7

Topical or systemic antihistamines

Antihistamines help relieve symptoms by blocking histamine receptors.

Question 8

What are the second-line treatments for allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 8

• Topical mast-cell stabilizers

Examples:
- Sodium cromoglicate
- Nedocromil

These medications help prevent the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators.