Cells, Tissues & Organs

Question 1

What percentage of cells are stem cells?

Which cell supports stem cells?

Answer 1

1%

Stromal Cells

Question 2

What is Haematopoiesis and where does it occur?

Answer 2

Formation of blood cells

Bone marrow

Question 3

Stem cells give rise to which two precursors?

Answer 3

Myeloid & Lymphoid

Question 4

Name 4 innate leukocytes

Answer 4

granulocytes, phagocytes, NK cells, mast cells

Question 5

What do each of the 4 innate leukocytes do?

Answer 5

Granulo- kill parasites/bacteria & induce inflammation
Phago- Ingest microbes & remove debris
Mast- Kill worm infections and induce inflammation
NK- kill virally infected self-cells

Question 6

What is phagocytosis, cytotoxicity and inflammation

Answer 6

engulfing killing digesting
killing
control movement of immune cells to remove infection

Question 7

Acquired leukocytes are called

Answer 7

Lymphocytes

Question 8

Lymphocytes:
Made
Mature
Circulate

Answer 8

bone marrow
lymph organs, B-Bone, T-Thymus
circulate but concetrated in lymph nodes

Question 9

In the lymph node, T + B cells recognise a different –

Answer 9

antigen

Question 10

In lymph cells, naive cells swell into — cells, and proliferates by —/—, making many identical — cells and a few — cells

Answer 10

blast
clonal expansion
effector
memory

Question 11

In absence of antigen, — cells die off and leave — cells

Answer 11

effector

memory

Question 12

Naive cells only circulate between — and —

Answer 12

blood

lymph nodes

Question 13

Effector cells can migrate to —-/— at the site of —

Answer 13

peripheral tissues

injury/infection

Question 14

Cytotoxic lymphocytes kill —

Answer 14

infected or tumurous cells

Question 15

Function of Th1, 2 & 17

Answer 15

help b cells make antibodies
help innate cells to take up and kill microbes
help neutrophils to uptake and kill

Question 16

T regulatory cells do what?

Answer 16

Dampen inflammatory response

Question 17

B cells secrete — and present —- to — cells

Answer 17

antibodies
antigens
T

Question 18

Platelets are fragments shed from —, on activation they make — for —, they also activate — factors

Answer 18

megakaryoctyes
serotonin
vasodilation
clotting

Question 19

Inflammation allows movement of —-,
What is extravasion
leukocytes roll slowly down —, they adhere to it and then — by pushing through

Answer 19

leukocytes
leukocytes passing from bloodstream to tissues
endothelium, extravase

Question 20

Blood brings in naive —- to the lymph nodes, these pass across —/—/—. B cells live in —, T cells surround

Answer 20

lymphocytes
high endothelial venules
follicles
B Cells

Question 21

Antigen enters lymph node via —/— and exits via —/—

Answer 21

afferent lymphatics

efferent lymphatics