Cell structures

Question 1

Describe the structure of the cell membrane.

Answer 1

• Consists of a phospholipid bilayer.
• Hydrophilic polar heads made up of glycerol and phosphate that seek partners for hydrogen bonding in water.
• Hydrophobic non-polar tails are made up of two fatty acid chains that are repelled from water.

Question 2

Describe the structure of the cytoskeleton.

Answer 2

A protein network known as a cytoskeletal matrix within the cytoplasm is made up of -
> microtubules
> actin filaments
> intermediate filaments.

Question 3

Describe the structure of the nucleus.

Answer 3

• Consists of a nuclear envelope that has its plasma membrane.
• Consists of nuclear pores that permit the ion and molecular transport between the nuclear and cytoplasm.

Question 4

Describe the structure of the mitochondria.

Answer 4

Has its own genome and ribosomes and is highly adaptive.

Question 5

What is the mitochondria’s genome called?

Answer 5

Mitogenome.

Question 6

Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 6

• Broad, flattened, interconnecting sacs and tubules.
• The interior spaces inside these sacs and tubules are called cisternae.
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes.
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes.

Question 7

Describe the structure of the extracellular matrix.

Answer 7

• Consists of fibrous structural proteins that inhibit tensile strength and elasticity.
• Consists of sticky glycoproteins responsible for cell adhesion and placement.
• Consists of lots of proteoglycans that are hydrophilic and are key for -
  > tissue hydration
  > binding
  > Resistance to F hyaluronic acid