Anaerobic Energy Pathways

Question 1

What are the two fundamental metabolic systems?

Answer 1

• Anaerobic.
• Aerobic.

Question 2

Describe the Anaerobic pathway.

Answer 2

• Substrate level of phosphorylation> occurs in ATP-PC + Fast Glycolysis.
• Higher rate of ATP production.
• Reduced ATP yield.

Question 3

Describe the Aerobic pathway.

Answer 3

• Oxidative phosphorylation > occurs in Slow glycolysis, Krebs cycle + Electron transport system.
• Increased total ATP yield.

Question 4

What does it mean for ATP to be ‘instantaneous’?

Answer 4

• Some ATP is available within the muscles.
• But this store is extremely limited.
• It can supply energy to power intense contractions that would last less than 2 seconds.

Question 5

Outline the aspects of the ATP-CP system.

Answer 5

• Short-duration energy production.
• Intense exercise between 1-10 seconds.
• The cleavage of phosphate bonds with Phosphate creatine allows for the release of energy.

Question 6

What is the equation demonstrating the ATP-PC system?

Answer 6

PCr + ADP > (Creatine kinase) > Creatine + ATP.

Question 7

What are examples of activities powered by the ATP-CP energy system?

Answer 7

• 100m sprint.
• Shot put.
• 25m freestyle swim.
• Clean and jerk.

Question 8

Why can it be said that Phosphate creatine acts as an ‘energy buffer’?

Answer 8

• If there is a good amount of phosphate creatine this will drive the reaction to provide ADP.
• This allows ATP to be maintained at a constant level.
• Therefore phosphate creatine acts as a buffer to ensure we have enough ATP available.

Question 9

When would the Glycolysis energy system be majorly used?

Answer 9

≥10 seconds but ≤1-2 minutes

Question 10

What would be the products produced during the ‘Fast glycolysis’?

Answer 10

• 2 ATP
• 2 NADH (hydrogen transporter)
• 2 pyruvate.

Question 11

Outline the aspects of the ‘Fast Glycolysis’ energy system.

Answer 11

• This occurs in the cytoplasm.
• Does not involve oxygen.
• ATP will be converted into pyruvate.
• This is the preferential system between the ATP-CP + oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic) systems.
• Post phosphate creatine depletion muscles use stored glycogen to provide energy.
• Energy is still derived from the ATP-CP +aerobic systems in these duration ranges.

Question 12

What is a by-product formed in ‘Fast glycolysis’?

Answer 12

Lactic acid.

Question 13

What are examples of activities where the ‘Fast glycolysis’ energy system is primarily used?

Answer 13

• 200m.
• 400m.
• 50m freestyle.
• 100m freestyle.