Cell structure and transport

Question 1

What is the amount you multiply or divide to go from nanometers to micrometers or from micrometers to nanometers

Answer 1

Divide/multiply 1000

Question 2

What is the role of the Nucleus?

Answer 2

The nucleus directs cell activities and it also contains DNA.

Question 3

What is the role of the Mitochondria?

Answer 3

The role of the mitochondria is to make energy out of food(glucose)

Question 4

What is the role of the ribosomes?

Answer 4

It is to make protein

Question 5

What is the role of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 5

It is used to store water and cell sapp. It also keep the structure of the cell rigid

Question 6

What is the role pf the chloroplasts

Answer 6

It is used to make food for the plant by photosynthesis

Question 7

What is the role of the cell wall?

Answer 7

It is to support the cell wall.

Question 8

What is magnification?

Answer 8

Magnification is the ability to make small objects seem larger.

Question 9

What is resolution?

Answer 9

Resolution is the ability to distinguish two objects from each other.

Question 10

What do you have to divide/multiply to go from micrometers to millimetres and from millimetres to micro meters

Answer 10

1000

Question 11

What do you multiply/divide to go from millimetre to meters and from meters to millimetre?

Answer 11

1000

Question 12

What do you divide/multiply to go from meters to kilometres and from kilometres to meters

Answer 12

1000

Question 13

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 13

They are cells that have a nucleus. Examples of eukaryotic cells are:plant and animal cells

Question 14

What are prokaryotic cells

Answer 14

Prokaryotic cells are cells that lack nucleus and any membrane bound organelle.

Question 15

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells alike?

Answer 15

Both types of cells have a cell membrane and ribosomes

Question 16

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?

Answer 16

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and have circular DNA while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles and have linear DNA. Also, eukaryotic cells are much bigger than prokaryotic cells.

Question 17

What is water potential

Answer 17

Water potential is the ability of water to move freely.

Question 18

What are the 3 factors that effect diffusion?

Answer 18

Concentration gradient, temperature and the surface area of the exchange surface.

Question 19

What is osmosis?

Answer 19

Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution, across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 20

What are the properties of Dilute solution?

Answer 20

Higher water potential
Higher water concentration
Lower solute concentration

Question 21

What are the properties of concentration solution?

Answer 21

Lower water potential
Lower water concentration
Higher solute concentration.

Question 22

What is isotonic solution?

Answer 22

If a concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell is the same as the internal concentration, the solution is isotonic to the cell

Question 23

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 23

If a concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell is higher than the internal concentration, the solution is hypertonic to the cell.

Question 24

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 24

If a concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell is lower than the internal concentration, the solution is hypotonic to the cell

Question 25

Why is osmosis important to animal cells?

Answer 25

It is important to animal cells because if a cell uses up water in a chemical reaction, the cell needs osmosis to remove some of the water to balance the cell. It also works the opposite way.

Question 26

Why can osmosis be a problem?

Answer 26

The only problem is that if the solution outside the cell becomes much more dilute than the cell than the cell contents, the cell may burst. This is lysis. If the solution outside become much more concentrated, the cell may shrivel up and can no longer survive. This is crenation

Question 27

What is tugor pressure?

Answer 27

Tugor pressure makes the plant cell hard and rigid which keeps the leaves and stems of the plant rigid and firm. This stops the cell from bursting

Question 28

Why is it necessary for the surrounding fluid to be hypotonic to the plant cell?

Answer 28

The plant needs the fluid around it to stay hypotonic so that water into the cell, if water does not move into the cell, the plant cell will not be rigid and it will become flaccid.

Question 29

What is plasmolysis?

Answer 29

If more water is lost by osmosis, the vacuole and cytoplasm shrink, and eventually the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall. This is plasmolysis. It is usually seem in laboratory experiments. Plasmolysed cells die quickly unless the osmotic balance is restored.

Question 30

What is active transport?

Answer 30

Active transport is a method of transporting molecules of ions across a membrane against a concentration gradient. It moves molecules or ions from a region of low concentration to one of high concentration.

Question 31

Examples of active transport

Answer 31

Movements of sugars into the phloem of plants

Mineral ions,like nitrate ion, meeds to be extracted from dilute solutions

Question 32

How do the molecules move from one side of the membrane to the other side?

Answer 32

It requires energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. It also needs special carrier protein to pump the molecules in the membrane

Question 33

Adaptations to makes an effective exchange surface

Answer 33

having a large surface area, having a thin membrane and having an efficient blood supply.