cell structure and function study guide KEY

Question 1

What are the three parts of cell theory?

Answer 1

All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
All cells come from existing cells

Question 2

Who was the first person to see and name cells?

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

Prokaryotes:

Answer 3

no nucleus
no membrane-bound organelles
small and simple
Ex: bacteria

Question 4

Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes:

Answer 4

ribosomes
DNA
cytoplasm
cell membrane

Question 5

Eukaryotes

Answer 5

nucleus
membrane-bound organelles
large and complex
Ex: plants and animals

Question 6

What are three major differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 6

Plants have cell walls, animals do not
Plants have chloroplasts, animals do not
Plants have a large central vacuole, animals have many small vacuoles

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

contains DNA, controls cell activities

Question 8

Nucleolus

Answer 8

makes ribosomes

Question 9

Ribosome

Answer 9

produces proteins

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

uses glucose to generate cellular energy (cellular respiration)

Question 11

Vacuole

Answer 11

stores water and materials

Question 12

Cell Membrane

Answer 12

controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 13

Cell Wall

Answer 13

supports and protects plant cells

Question 14

Chloroplast

Answer 14

produces energy from sunlight

Question 15

Cytoplasm

Answer 15

jelly like substance that fills the cell

Question 16

Lysosome

Answer 16

contains digestive enzymes - digests wastes in the cell

Question 17

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth & rough)

Answer 17

smooth produces/modifies lipids, rough produces/modifies proteins

Question 18

Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

modifies and packages materials for transport

Question 19

Cytoskeleton

Answer 19

help give the cell structure.

Question 20

Describe the basic structure of a cell membrane. Be sure to include the words: phospholipid, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, & proteins.

Answer 20

The cell membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer. Each lipid has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails. There are also proteins embedded in the membrane.

Question 21

What is diffusion?

Answer 21

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It does not require energy.

Question 22

What is the major difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Answer 22

In diffusion the molecules go directly through the lipid bilayer in the cell. In facilitated diffusion the molecules go through proteins in the membrane. Facilitated diffusion is used for large or charged particles.

Question 23

What is osmosis?

Answer 23

Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane. It does not require energy.

Question 24

What would happen to a cell that was placed in each of the following solutions?

Answer 24

Hypertonic- water flows OUT of the cell and the cell will shrivel
Hypotonic- water flows INTO the cell and the cell will swell and possibly burst
Isotonic- water will flow IN and OUT of the cell equally. The cell will remain the same.

Question 25

How is active transport different from diffusion and osmosis?

Answer 25

Active transport requires the use of energy and goes from low to high concentration. Diffusion and osmosis do not use energy and go from high to low concentration.

Question 26

How do you calculate total magnification on the microscope?

Answer 26

Ocular lens x objective lens

Question 27

If a microscope has a 10x ocular lens, what would be the total magnification using the following objectives? (show your work)

Answer 27

5x objective- 10 X 5 = 50x 10x objective- 10 X 10 = 100x 50x objective- 10 X 50 = 500x