5x objective- 10 X 5 = 50x 10x objective- 10 X 10 = 100x 50x objective- 10 X 50 = 500x

Question 1

What are the 3 major reasons cells need to make copies of themselves?

Answer 1

replace damaged cells, growth, asexual reproduction

Question 2

What is the longest part of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

Interphase

Question 3

What 3 phases make up interphase?

Answer 3

G1, S, G2

Question 4

Describe what happens during each of the phases of interphase.

Answer 4

G1-active growth and protein synthesis
S-DNA replication
G2- cell organelles are produced to prepare for division

Question 5

What is the division of the nucleus called?

Answer 5

mitosis

Question 6

What is the division of the cytoplasm (and the rest of cell contents) called?

Answer 6

cytokinesis

Question 7

When a cell divides what are the 2 new cells called?

Answer 7

daughter cells

Question 8

Prophase

Answer 8

Nucleus disappears
spindle fibers form
DNA condenses into chromosomes (sister chromatids)

Question 9

Metaphase

Answer 9

Chromosomes align along the MIDDLE of the cell
spindle fibers attach to chromosomes at the centromere

Question 10

Anaphase

Answer 10

Chromosomes separate at the centromere and move AWAY
chromatids are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell by spindle fibers

Question 11

Telophase

Answer 11

Chromosomes unwind into thin strands of DNA (chromatin)
spindle fibers disappear
nuclear membrane reappears as TWO nuclei are formed.

Question 12

A human has ___ total chromosomes.

Answer 12

46

Question 13

__ of those chromosomes are from the mother, __ are from the father.

Answer 13

23, 23

Question 14

Define diploid.

Answer 14

Cells that have two sets of chromosomes (46 in humans)

Question 15

Define haploid.

Answer 15

Cells that have one set of chromosomes (23 in humans)

Question 16

Skin cell

Answer 16

diploid

Question 17

Sperm cell

Answer 17

haploid

Question 18

Muscle cell

Answer 18

diploid

Question 19

Brain cell

Answer 19

diploid

Question 20

Blood cell

Answer 20

diploid

Question 21

Egg cell

Answer 21

haploid

Question 22

Sex cells are also referred to as ….

Answer 22

gametes

Question 23

Why is having sex cells which are haploid so important? (THINK - this is not explicitly in your notes)

Answer 23

Because they have to combine with another gamete to create a new offspring.
46 → 23 + 23 → 46
Sperm cell (23) + Egg Cell (23) = Zygote (46) (zygote = new human cell)

Question 24

What important event occurs during prophase I? Explain what this process does.

Answer 24

Crossing over occurs where the chromatids in the tetrad exchange information. This causes new combination of alleles (genetic shuffling).

Question 25

Mitosis

Answer 25

replacement, growth, repair creates somatic (body) cells 1 division 2 daughter cells Diploid cells Identical to parent Identical to sister cell

Question 26

Both mitosis and miosis

Answer 26

DNA replication during interphase makes new cells starts with 1 cell

Question 27

Meiosis

Answer 27

reproduction creates gametes 2 divisions 4 daughter cells haploid cells different from parent different from sister cells