anatomy study guide 2023 CP_KEY

Question 1

What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Answer 1

Anatomy: the structure of an organism
Physiology: the study of the function of different structures of an organism

Question 2

Give the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest.

Answer 2

Cell = basic unit of life
Tissue = group of cells
Organ = group of tissues
Organ system = group of organs

Question 3

Define homeostasis.

Answer 3

Keeping internal conditions stable

Question 4

What are the 2 functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 4

Brings Oxygen and nutrients to cells
Takes waste products away

Question 5

What does each side of the heart do?

Answer 5

Right Side: “Pulmonary Circulation” - Brings blood to the lungs for gas exchange
Left Side: “Systemic Circulation” - Brings blood to the entire body

Question 6

Name the 3 types of blood vessels and describe the function of each.

Answer 6

Arteries - Carry blood AWAY from the heart (thick walls)
Veins - Carry blood BACK TO the heart
Capillaries - Tiny, THIN WALLED, vessels that are the site of diffusion (nutrients, wastes, etc)

Question 7

What are the major components (parts) of blood?

Answer 7

55% Plasma: Mostly water
45% Blood Cells:
-Red: Carry Oxygen
-White: Fight infection

Question 8

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 8

To Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and body via the bloodstream

Question 9

What are alveoli and what do they do?

Answer 9

Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles, which are the site of gas exchange with the blood. They inflate and deflate like tiny balloons and air moves through the very thin walls through passive diffusion.

Question 10

What is the name of the large flat muscle that helps with breathing?

Answer 10

Diaphragm

Question 11

What is digestion?

Answer 11

Digestion is the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body

Question 12

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 12

Physical breakdown of food (chewing, stomach churning)

Question 13

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 13

Chemical breakdown of food (enzymes, stomach acid)

Question 14

Give the function of the following accessory organs:
liver, gallbladder, pancrease

Answer 14

Liver-secrete substances into the small intestine to aid in digestion
Gallbladder- stores bile produced by the liver
Pancreas- secrete substances into the small intestine to aid in digestion

Question 15

What is absorbed in the small intestine and the large intestine?

Answer 15

Small intestine - Site of absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

Large intestine - Absorbs water and vitamins into the body, eliminates waste from the body.

Question 16

What are villi? Why is the small intestine full of them?

Answer 16

deep folds - increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 17

What is excretion?

Answer 17

The process by which the body removes substances that are not useful, or may even be harmful

Question 18

List the 3 main organs of the excretory system, and the wastes that each eliminates.

Answer 18

List the 3 main organs of the excretory system, and the wastes that each eliminates.

Question 19

What is the nervous system?

Answer 19

A network used to transmit messages using electrical signals (impulses) throughout the body

Question 20

Describe each of the 3 overlapping functions:

Answer 20

Sensory Input -Take information in from around the body (detect Stimuli)
Integration - Process information at brain/spinal cord
Motor Output - A message is sent to stimulate a muscle or gland

Question 21

What organs make up the central nervous system, and what do they do?

Answer 21

Organs: Brain and Spinal Cord
Function: Process information, send & receive messages

Question 22

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

Answer 22

Acts as “communication wires” to alert CNS of changes

Question 23

Define sensory and motor neurons.

Answer 23

Sensory neurons -Carry signals FROM the senses TO the brain
Motor neurons - Carry signals FROM the brain TO muscles and glands

Question 24

Ecology study guide_CP2_2023_KEY