Cell cycle ( S phase)

Question 1

a complex process that takes up a major fraction of the cell cycle

Answer 1

DNA duplication

Question 2

the ____ ____ surrounding each
region of that DNA must also be reproduced

Answer 2

protein packaging

Question 3

DNA replication poses two
problems for the cell:

Answer 3

1. replication must occur with extreme accuracy
2. every nucleotide in the genome must be
   copied once

Question 4

• where DNA replication begins
• scattered at numerous
  locations in every chromosome

Answer 4

origins of replication

Question 5

unwinds the double helix

Answer 5

DNA helicase

Question 6

replication machinery moves outward
from the origin at two replication forks

Answer 6

elongation phase

Question 7

two distinct steps of initiation phase of DNA replication

Answer 7

1. late mitosis and early G1
2. occurs in S phase

Question 8

when a pair of inactive DNA helicases is loaded onto the replication origin, forming prereplicative complex or preRC

Answer 8

late mitosis and early G1

Question 9

in late mitosis and early G1, a pair of inactive DNA helicases is loaded onto the replication origin, forming a large complex called the ________ ____ or _____

Answer 9

prereplicative complex or preRC

Question 10

prereplicative complex or preRC is sometimes called?

Answer 10

licensing of replication origins

Question 11

DNA helicases are activated, resulting in DNA unwinding and the initiation of DNA synthesis

Answer 11

in S phase

Question 12

in S phase, the DNA helicases are activated, resulting in?

Answer 12

DNA unwinding and initiation of DNA
synthesis

Question 13

duplication of a chromosome is not simply a matter of replicating the ____ at its core but also requires the duplication of these _____ proteins and their
proper ____ on the DNA

Answer 13

DNA
Chromatin
Assembly

Question 14

production of chromatin proteins increases during what phase

Answer 14

S phase

Question 15

stimulate a large increase in the synthesis of the four histone subunits that form the histone octamers

Answer 15

S-Cdks

Question 16

S-Cdks stimulate a large increase in the synthesis of the ____ histone subunits that form the ____ ____

Answer 16

4
histone octamers

Question 17

helps to control gene expression

Answer 17

Chromatin packaging

Question 18

In some parts of the chromosome, the chromatin is highly condensed and is called?

Answer 18

heterochromatin

Question 19

in other regions of chromosome has a more open structure and is called?

Answer 19

euchromatin

Question 20

At the end of S phase, each replicated chromosome consists of a pair of?

Answer 20

identical sister chromatids glued together along their length

Question 21

Sister-chromatid cohesion depends on a large protein complex called

Answer 21

cohesin

Question 22

two of subuits of cohesin

Answer 22

SMC proteins (for Structural Maintenance of Chromosome)

Question 23

Cohesin forms ___ ______ structure

Answer 23

giant ringlike structures