Cell cycle (overviewof cell cycle)

Question 1

all living organisms are products of what?

Answer 1

repeated rounds of cell growth and division

Question 2

cycle of duplication and division is known as the?

Answer 2

cell cycle

Question 3

fundamental task of cell

Answer 3

the passing on of its genetic information to the next generation of cells

Question 4

What are the 2 most basic function of the cell cycle

Answer 4

duplicate DNA and then segregate into two copies

Question 5

What are the two major phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 5

(DNA synthesis) and M phase(mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 6

two major events of M phase

Answer 6

Nuclear division, mitosis
Cytoplasmic division, or cytokinesis,

Question 7

Early in mitosis at a stage called prophase

Answer 7

two DNA molecules are gradually disentangled and condensed into pairs of rigid, compact rods called sister chromatids, which remain linked by sister-chromatid cohesion

Question 8

When the nuclear envelope disassembles later in mitosis, the sister-chromatid pairs become
attached to the?

Answer 8

mitotic spindle

Question 9

in a stage called metaphase

Answer 9

Sister chromatids are attached to opposite poles of the spindle and, eventually, align at the spindle equator

Question 10

start of anaphase

Answer 10

The destruction of sister-chromatid cohesion at the start of anaphase separates the
sister chromatids, which are pulled to opposite poles of the spindle

Question 11

at telophase

Answer 11

The spindle is
then disassembled, and the segregated chromosomes are packaged into separate
nuclei

Question 12

At Cytokinesis

Answer 12

cleaves the cell in two, so that each daughter
cell inherits one of the two nuclei

Question 13

to allow time for growth, most cell cycles have?

Answer 13

gap phases

Question 14

between M phase and S phase

Answer 14

G1 phase

Question 15

between S phase and mitosis

Answer 15

G2 phase

Question 16

four sequential phaseshase of eukaryotic cell cycle

Answer 16

G1 → S → G2 → M

Question 17

occurs throughout the cell cycle, except during mitosis.

Answer 17

Cell growth

Question 18

They are called interphase

Answer 18

G1, S, and G2

Question 19

provide time for the cell to
monitor the internal and external
environment

Answer 19

gap phases

Question 20

Why gap phases provide time for the cell to
monitor the internal and external
environment?

Answer 20

to ensure that conditions are
suitable and preparations are complete
before the cell commits itself to the major
upheavals of S phase and mitosis

Question 21

-specialized resting state
- cell can remain for days, weeks, or even years before resuming proliferation.

Answer 21

G0 (G zero)

Question 22

2 commitment point near the end of G1

Answer 22

Start (in yeasts) or the restriction point (in mammalian cells)

Question 23

It is essentially the same in all eukaryotic
cells

Answer 23

basic organization of the cycle

Question 24

What are the two mechanism that all eukaryotes appear to use similar to drive and regulate cell-cycle event

Answer 24

machinery and control mechanisms

Question 25

budding yeast

Answer 25

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 26

fission yeast

Answer 26

Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Question 27

What arevthe two simple eukaryotes in which powerful molecular and genetic
approaches can be used to identify and characterize the genes and proteins that
govern the fundamental features of cell division.

Answer 27

budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces

Question 28

Its early embryos are excellent tools for biochemical dissection of cell-cycle control mechanisms

Answer 28

Xenopus laevis

Question 29

useful for the genetic analysis of mechanisms
underlying the control and coordination of cell growth and division in multicellular organisms

Answer 29

Drosophila melanogaster

Question 30

How can we tell what stage a cell has
reached in the cell cycle?

Answer 30

• to look at living cells with a microscope
• looking at budding yeast cells under a
  microscope
  -staining cells with DNA-binding fluorescent
  dyes or with antibodies that recognize
  specific cell components
• using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) ti identify S phase
  -by measuring its DNA content

Question 31

very useful because the size of the bud provides an indication of cell-cycle stage

Answer 31

looking at budding yeast cells under a
microscope

Question 32

provides an indication of cell-cycle stage

Answer 32

the size of the bud

Question 33

recognize specific cell components such as the
microtubules

Answer 33

DNA-binding fluorescent dyes (which reveal the condensation of chromosomes
in mitosis) or with antibodies

Question 34

can be identified in the microscope by supplying them with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)

Answer 34

S-phase

Question 35

S-phase cells can be identified in
the microscope by supplying them with artificial thymidine analog called?

Answer 35

bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)

Question 36

Another way to assess the stage that a cell has reached in the cell cycle

Answer 36

by measuring its DNA content

Question 37

measuring cell’s DNA content is
greatly facilitated by the use of?

Answer 37

flow cytometer