Cell Biology - Enzymes T3 Flashcards
Active site
Substrate
The shape of the active site is complementary only to the shape of one type of substrate (substance to be broken down/built up). Only when the substrate is bound to the active site of an enzyme, forming the enzyme-substrate complex, can the reaction occur.
Specificity
As each enzyme’s active site is only complementary to the shape of one substrate, enzymes are said to be specific to that substrate.
Degredation reaction
Some enzymes are involved in degradation reactions and will break a large molecule into 2 or more smaller molecules. Ex. Starch ——amylase——> maltose.
Synthesis reaction
Other enzymes are involved in synthesis reactions and will join 2 or more smaller molecules into a larger molecule. Ex. Glucose-1-phosphate——phosphorylase——> starch
Optimum Conditions
There are certain conditions in which an enzyme will be at its most active (work best). These are the optimum conditions and temperature and pH
Denatures
enzyme that has had the shape of its active site permanently changed due to high temperatures. As the substrate will no longer fit, the reaction will not be able to take place.
Product
Substance obtained after substrate has undergone chemical reaction.
Enzyme/substrate complex
When substrate is bound to the active site of the enzyme.
Working range
The range of values at which an enzyme is activie. Ex. 0 degrees Celsius to 80 degrees Celsius.
HP COW
Hydrogen Peoxide ——Catalase——> Oxygen and water. Degredation.
SAM
Starch ——Amylase——> Maltose. Degredation
G1PPS
Glucose-1-phosphate—Phosphorylase——> Starch. Synthesis.
FLAG
Fat——Lipase—— Fatty acid and Glycerol. Degredation
PPP
Protein——pepsin——> peptides. Degredation.
