Cell Biology- DNA T2

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the chemical which forms chromosomes (thread like structures found in the nucleus of a cell). It contains the genetic information of the organism.

Question 2

Double Helix Structure

Answer 2

A molecule of DNA is made up of two strands that twist around each other to form the famous double-stranded helix shape. This shape is held together by the weak bonds that form between the complementary base pairs.

Question 3

Complementary base pairs.

Answer 3

The four bases that make up the genetic code are:
•	Adenine
•	Thymine
•	Guanine 
•	Cytosine
How these bases pair up is always the same:
•	Guanine pairs with cytosine 
•	Adenine pairs with Thymine.
G – C
A – T

Question 4

Significance of base sequence

Answer 4

The order of the bases determines the order of amino acids during the process of protein synthesis (making new proteins). The order of the amino acids will in turn determine the structure and function of the protein. The section of DNA which codes for a protein is called a gene.

Question 5

Messenger RNA

Answer 5

Messenger RNA is a type of RNA that carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. Using this code the ribosome attaches amino acids together in the correct order to make a specific protein .