Cell Flashcards
Hematoxylin is
a basic dye for acidic structures
Stains nuclei, ribosomes, roughER, DNA, RNA, keratohyalin granules, calcified material blue
Tissue preparation
- Fixate
- Dehydrate
- Clearing - immerse in ethanol
- Infiltrate - place in melted parrafin
- Embedding
- Trimming
Eosin is
an acidic dye for basic strcutres
STains proteins, cytoplasm, collagen, lewy bodies, mallory bodies pink
Periodic acid-Schiff reaction (PAS)
Stains specific cellular compartments and carbohydrates pink
PAS positive: mucins, glycogen, glycocalyx
Nucleu slooks blue or dark-purple
Masson’s trichrome
Used on connective tissue, cartilage, and collagen
Nucleus - black/brown
Keratin, muscle fibers - red
Cytoplasm - pink
Collagen & bone - blue or green
Do ribosomes have a membrane?
No
PS, PE, PI are all phospholipids located where
On the P-face, intracellular
Involved in coagulation, apoptosis, membrane trafficking, signaling
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and Sphingomyelin (SPH) are where?
on the E-face
Involved in myelin sheath and signaling
Sphingomyelinase
Is on the P-face, but hydrolyzes sphingomyelin on the E-face
Lipid rafts contain high concentrations of
Cholestserol and glycosphingolipids
Importnace of lipid rafts
- Reduces membrane fluidity –> proteins in close proximity interact more efficiently
- Cell-adhesion
- Cell-cell signaling
Transmembrane proteins (receptors, ion channels) and Lipid-anchored proteins (GPI-linked proteins) are ___ proteins.
Integral proteins
Spectrin
Peripheral protein on the P-face that gives RBCs its concave shape by anchoring actin
the spectrin-actin complex is anchored to the cell membrane by ankyrin
What form of endocytosis (phago, pino, receptor-mediated) is clathrin-dependent?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
What form of endocytosis (phago, pino, receptor-mediated) is actin-dependent?
Phagocytosis
Actin forms a pseudopod that forms a phagosome and engulfs the object –> matures into a lysosome
Juxtacrine signaling
signaling molecule is a cell membrane-bound protein that binds surface receptors of the targe tcell when the two cells make direct physical contact
Niemann-Pick Disease - what is it and what are the symptoms
Deficiency of sphingomyelinase on the P face –> sphingomyelin accumulates on the E face
- Jaundice
- Neurological damage
- Enlarged liver
- Large, fluffy white cells
- Abetaproteinemia –> spiky RBCs (acanthocytes)
Multiple sclerosis (caused by viral infection, treated w interferons) causes an increase in what?
Cytokines that activate sphingomyelinase
–> excessive degradation of myelin sheath (neurodegenerative)