CEL 2 Flashcards by Amber Taka

大日本帝国憲法の発布

promulgation of the Meiji Constitution

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旧石器時代

the Old Stone Age

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新石器時代

the New Stone Age

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旧石器時代に続く10,000BCから300BC位までを縄文時代と呼びます

The period between roughly 10,000BC and 300BC that followed the Old Stone Age is called the Jomon period.

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縄文時代に続く300BCから300AD位までを弥生時代と言います。

The period between roughly 300BC to 300AD that followed the Jomon period is called the Yayoi period.

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七世紀初期に聖徳太子は中央集権化を進めた

In the early 7th century, Prince Shotoku pushed forward with the centralization of power.

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進める

push forward with~

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〜にならう

model after

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七世紀後半に律令と呼ばれる法律が中国の法律にならって作られた

In the late 7th century, the laws called “ritsuryo” were stipulated, modeled after Chinese laws.

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私地私民制

the system based on private land ownership

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公地公民制

the system based on state land ownership

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行政を行う地位は藤原氏が占めた

The administrative posts were dominated by the Fujiwara Clan.

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反乱を起こす

rebel

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中央政府に反乱を起こす侍もいた

Some samurai warriors started to rebel against the central government.

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鎌倉幕府は14世紀に室町幕府に取って代わられた

The Kamakura shogunate was replaced by the Muromachi shogunate in the 14th century.

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庶民文化

popular culture

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1868年に明治政府が作られて日本は近代化の道を歩み始めた

In 1868, the new Meiji Government was founded, and Japan started its modernization process.

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立憲君主制

constitutional monarchy

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大日本帝国憲法が発布され日本は立憲君主制となった

The Meiji Constitution was promulgated and Japan became a constitutional monarchy.

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民主化運動

pro-democracy movement

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1946年に新しい憲法が発布され翌年施行された

The new constitution was promulgated in 1946 and took effect the following year.

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国民主権、基本的人権の尊重、平和主義

the sovereignty of the people, respect for fundamental human rights and pacifism

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琉球王国

the Ryukyu Kingdom

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1951年にサンフランシスコ平和条約が調印され、日本は自治を回復した

In 1951, the San Francisco Peace Treaty was signed and Japan restored its autonomy.

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縄文式土器

Jomon style earthen ware

弥生時代の特徴は水稲耕作、弥生式土器と青銅器、鉄器などである

The Yayoi period is characterized by wet-rice agriculture , Yayoi earthenware and bronze and iron wares.

卑弥呼

Queen Himiko

邪馬台国の場所については九州説、畿内説がある

As for the Yamatai Kingdom's location, there are the Kyusyu theory and the Kinai theory.

土地の所有権は地域の有力者から国へ移った

The ounership of land and people was shifted from regional leaders to the state.

有力貴族

powerful aristocratic family

〜という結果になる

resulting in

日本独特の文化が発達した

distinct Japanese cultural aspects developed

もっとも目を惹くのは

the most notable is ~

もっとも顕著なのは、日本で作られたひらがなを使った文学の発達だ。

The most notable is the development of literature using hiragana phonetic symbols, a Japanse invention.

中央政府

central government

12世紀後半に源頼朝が最初の武家政権である鎌倉幕府を開いた

In the late 12th century, Minamoto Yoritomo established the Kamakura shogunate, the first military government in Japanese history.

室町時代に枯山水や水墨画などの善の影響を受けた文化が発達した

During the Muromachi period, dry landscape gardens and India ink painting were developed under the influence of Zen Buddhism.

茶の湯は16世紀の戦国時代に大成した

The tea ceremony was perfected during the Warring State period in the 16th century.

日本は近代化への道を歩み始めた

Japan started its modernization process.

大日本帝国憲法は全ての権限は天皇にあると明記していた

The Meiji Constitution stipulated that the sovereign rights rest with the emperor.

産業革命

the Industrial Revolution

大正時代に大正デモクラシーと呼ばれる民主化運動が発達し大衆文化が花開いた

During the Taisyo era, a pro-democracy movement called "the Taisho Democracy" developed and popular culture flourished.

第一次世界大戦や関東大震災が昭和初期の昭和恐慌の引き金になった

World War I and the Great Kanto Earthquake triggered the Showa Depression of the early Showa period.

軍部が政治的影響を増し中国との泥沼戦争が始まった。

Japan's military increased its political influence and started an all-out war with China in 1937.

戦争は日本の無条件降伏で終わった

The war ended with Japan's unconditional surrender.

戦後GHQの占領下で1946年に新しい憲法が発布され翌年施行された。

After the war, under the occupation led by the GHQ, the new constitution was promulgated in 1946 and took effect the following year.

憲法九条は戦争放棄と軍備及び交戦権の否認をうたっている。

Article 9 stipulates the Japanese people renounce war and the use or possession of any military forces.

平安中期

in the middle of the Heian period / in the mid Heian period

文化が栄える

flourish

経済的に栄える

prosper

17世紀以降

in the 17th century and after

日本独特の文化

distinctive Japanese Culture

権力の座につく

come to power

（政権などを）運営する

operate

名目上の

nominal (反対語 real)

（権力などを）振るう

wield

〜をさす

refer to

徳川幕府

"the" Tokugawa Shogunate

（ひとつひとつの）戦い

battle

〜が特徴

be characterized by ~/ Characteristics of ~ are ~

崩壊する

collapse (自動詞）

日本に開国するよう圧力をかける

pressured Japan to open the country

江戸時代の終わりに向けて

toward the end of the Edo period

徐々に

increasingly

戦争が起こる

a war breaks out (occur やhappenはあわない）

二世紀半

two and a half centuries

その目的は

it's aim was ~ / the purpose of ~ was

軍事力を増強する

buildup military strength