CCDM18, Control Of Communicable Diseases In Man, Topic Anthrax, Choleara, Mumps, Scabies, Schistosomiasis, Smallpox

Question 1

What nicknames exsist for anthrax?

Answer 1

Woolsorters Disease & Ragpicker Disease

Question 2

What acute bacterial disease usually affect the skin, but may rarely involve the oropharynx, mediastinum or intestinal tract?

Answer 2

Anthax

Question 3

What are the symptoms for cutaneous anthrax?

Answer 3

Itching of exposed skin first, followed by lesions that become papular, then vesicular and in 2-6 days developes into depressed black eschar.

Question 4

True or false? Pain is usual when concerning anthrax, and is not due to oedema or secondary infection

Answer 4

False. Pain is unusual and if present, is due to secondary infection.

Question 5

What are the most common sites for anthrax infections?

Answer 5

Hands, forearms, and head

Question 6

Anthrax has been confused with what disease?

Answer 6

Human Orf

Question 7

Untreated anthrax can cause the fatality rate of ____ and ____% ?

Answer 7

5 and 20

Question 8

Initial symptoms of inhalation anthrax are mild and nonspecific and may include?

Answer 8

Fever, malasia and miod cough or chest pain.

Question 9

Acute symptoms of inhalation anthrax include?

Answer 9

Respiratory distress, X-ray evidence of mediastinal widening.

Question 10

Fever and shock follow inhalation anthrax in ___ to ___ days, with death shortly thereafter.

Answer 10

3 to 5 days

Question 11

Which type of anthrax is more rare, cutaneous, inhalation, or intestinal?

Answer 11

Intestinal

Question 12

Anthrax cultures leave what color stain?

Answer 12

Polychrome methylene (M’Fadyean)blue

Question 13

What is the causative agent for anthrax?

Answer 13

Bacillus anthracis

Question 14

What are the characteristics of of bacillus anthracis?

Answer 14

Gram-postive, encapsulated, spore forming, nonmotile rod

Question 15

True or false? The anthrax spores of B. anthracis are the infectious agent.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

True or false? Anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Articles of soil contaminated with anthrax may stay contaminated for how long?

Answer 17

Several years

Question 18

Antibiotherapy sterilizes an anthrax skin lesion in how many hours?

Answer 18

24

Question 19

What does the US military reccomend for the treatment of inhalation anthrax?

Answer 19

parenteral ciprofloxacin or doxycycline (duration of treatment is not defined)

Question 20

What is the treatment for cutaneous anthrax?

Answer 20

Penicillin for 5-7 days.\nTetracyclines, erythromycin and chloramphenicol are also effective

Question 21

what is the incubation period for anthrax?

Answer 21

1 to 7 days, although incubation periods up to 60 days are possible. in the russian outbreak incubation periods lasted 43 days.

Question 22

Where are genital infections of chlamydial manifested in both sexes?

Answer 22

males primarily as a urethritis, and in females as a cervical
infection.

Question 23

Asymptomatic

infection may be found in how many men?

Answer 23

1-25% of men

Question 24

In the female, the clinical manifestations of chlamydial infections may be similar to what other disease?

Answer 24

Gonorrhoea

Question 25

Up to what percentage of women are asymptomatic with chlamydial infections?

Answer 25

70%

Question 26

Incubation period for chlamydial infections?

Answer 26

7-14 days

Question 27

Screening of sexually active adolescent girls should be done how often?

Answer 27

annually

Question 28

Treatment for Chlamydial infections?

Answer 28

Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days

Question 29

In males, gonococcal infection
presents as an acute purulent discharge from the anterior urethra with
dysuria within how many days?

Answer 29

2-7 days after exposure.

Question 30

In females and homosexual males what types of gonococcal infection are common?

Answer 30

pharyngeal and anorectal infections are common

Question 31

N. gonorrhoeae also known as?

Answer 31

Gonococcal

Question 32

What is the most serious but not the most frequent infectious
agent?

Answer 32

The gonococcus

Question 33

Gonococcal infection treatments are?

Answer 33

ceftriaxone IM (125 mg single dose), cefixime PO
 (400 mg single dose), ciprofloxacin PO (500 mg single dose),
 floxacin PO (400 mg single dose) or levofloxacin PO (250 mg
 single dose)

Question 34

Conjunctivitis occurs in newborns and rarely in adults,

with resultant blindness if not rapidly and adequately treated in what infection

Answer 34

Gonococcal infections

Question 35

Mumps common symptoms

Answer 35

fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite swollen and tender salivary glands

Question 36

Mumps are known for

Answer 36

puffy cheeks and swollen jaw

Question 37

Mumps symptoms last for

Answer 37

16 to 18 days after infection

Question 38

Mumps is contagious by

Answer 38

coughing, sneezing , or talking, sharing cups/spoons

Question 39

Mumps complications are

Answer 39

inflammation of testicles (orchitis) in males

Question 40

mumps can cause

Answer 40

inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)

Question 41

inflammation of tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. (meningitis)

Answer 41

inflammation of ovaries (oophoritis) and breast (mastitis) and deafness

Question 42

Mumps can be prevented with

Answer 42

MMR(measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine

Question 43

Human scabies is caused by an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis).

Answer 43

microscopic scabies mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin where it lives and lays its eggs.

Question 44

The most common symptoms of scabies are intense itching and a pimple-like skin rash.

Answer 44

The scabies mite usually is spread by direct, prolonged, skin-to-skin contact with a person who has scabies.

Question 45

first time a person gets scabies they usually have no symptoms during the first 2 to 6 weeks they are infested; however they can still spread scabies during this time.

Answer 45

Scabies mites generally do not survive more than 2 to 3 days away from human skin.

Question 46

Scabicide should be applied to all areas of the body from the neck down to the feet and toes.

Answer 46

Products used to treat scabies are called scabicides because they kill scabies mites; some also kill mite eggs.

Question 47

No “over-the-counter” (non-prescription) products have been tested and approved to treat scabies.

Answer 47

The scabicide should be applied to a clean body and left on for the recommended time before washing it off.

Question 48

Schistosomiasis also known as bilharzia a disease caused by parasitic worms

Answer 48

schistosomiasis is considered one of the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD)

Question 49

Parasites that cause NTD live in certain freshwater snails

Answer 49

Serologic test can diagnosis Schistosomiasis

Question 50

There are two types of Schistosomiasis

Answer 50

Urinary and intestinal

Question 51

Treatment for Schistosomiasis

Answer 51

is Praziquantel for 1 to 2 days

Question 52

Smallpox is caused by the variola virus that emerged in human populations thousands of years ago.

Answer 52

Smallpox is a serious, contagious, and sometimes fatal infectious disease. The pox part of smallpox is derived from the Latin word for “spotted” and refers to the raised bumps that appear on the face and body of an infected person.

Question 53

There are two clinical forms of smallpox. Variola major is the severe and most common form of smallpox, with a more extensive rash and higher fever. There are four types of variola major smallpox: ordinary (the most frequent type, accounting for 90% or more of cases); modified (mild and occurring in previously vaccinated persons); flat; and hemorrhagic (both rare and very severe).

Answer 53

Historically, variola major has an overall fatality rate of about 30%; however, flat and hemorrhagic smallpox usually are fatal. Variola minor is a less common presentation of smallpox, and a much less severe disease, with death rates historically of 1% or less.

Question 54

A person with smallpox is sometimes contagious with onset of fever (prodrome phase), but the person becomes most contagious with the onset of rash.

Answer 54

The scabs begin to fall off, leaving marks on the skin that eventually become pitted scars. Most scabs will have fallen off three weeks after the rash appears.

The person is contagious to others until all of the scabs have fallen off.