CB8 Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the 5 components of the circulatory system?
Blood, arteries, veins, capillaries, heart
What are the 4 components of blood?
Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (lymphocytes, phagocytes), platelets, plasma
What is plasma?
The liquid component of the blood in which the other components travel in.
What is the function of a red blood cell (erythrocyte)?
Transport oxygen in the blood.
What are the 3 specialisations of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?
Contain haemoglobin, no nucleus, biconcave
What is the function of a white blood cell (lymphocytes, phagocytes)?
Remove foreign cells in the blood.
What is the function of a platelet?
Clotting.
What is the function of an artery?
Transport blood away from the heart at high pressure.
What are the 2 specialisations of arteries?
Narrow lumen, thick muscular and elastic wall
What is the function of a vein?
Transport blood back to the heart at low pressure.
What are the 3 specialisations of veins?
Wide lumen, thin muscular and elastic wall, valves
What is the function of a capillary?
Exchange substances between the blood and cells / exchange surfaces.
What are the 2 specialisations of capillaries?
Wall is one cell thick, very narrow lumen
What are the 2 chambers of the heart?
Atria, ventricles
What are the 4 blood vessels attached to the heart?
Vena cava, aorta, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery
Where does the aorta transport blood from and to?
From the left ventricle to the body.
Where does the vena cava transport blood from and to?
From the body to the right atrium.
Where does the pulmonary artery transport blood from and to?
From the right ventricle to the lungs.
Where does the pulmonary vein transport blood from and to?
From the lungs to the left atrium.
What separates the 2 sides of the heart?
Septum.
What separates the atria and ventricles?
Atrioventricular valves.
What arteries supply the heart itself with blood?
Coronary arteries.
Where in the heart is deoxygenated blood found?
Right atrium and ventricle.
Where in the heart is oxygenated blood found?
Left atrium and ventricle.
When the atria contract, blood is forced into the…
Ventricles.
When the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the…
Pulmonary artery and aorta.
What is the equation for calculating cardiac output?
Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood pushed into the aorta over a period of time.
What is the unit for cardiac output?
litres per minute (l/min)
What is the stroke volume?
The volume of blood pushed into the aorta in each beat of the heart.
What is the unit for stroke volume?
Litres (l)
What is the heart rate?
The number of times the heart beats in a minute.
What is the unit for heart rate?
Beats per minute (beats/min)
