CB5 Non-communicable Diseases Flashcards
What is cirrhosis of the liver?
The replacement of liver cells with scar tissue.
What causes cirrhosis of the liver?
Excessive alcohol consumption.
What is malnutrition?
Consuming too little or too much of particular nutrients from food.
What are 4 examples of deficiency diseases (and the nutrient that are missing)?
Scurvy (vitamin C), anaemia (iron), kwashiorkor (protein), rickets (vitamin D / calcium)
What is cardiovascular disease?
A disease of the heart or blood vessels that reduces blood flow to an organ.
What are 4 risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Obesity, high cholesterol diet, diabetes, smoking
What are 3 mutagens / carcinogens that can cause cancer?
Smoking, alcohol, UV radiation
What is coronary heart disease?
A narrowing of the coronary arteries supplying the heart with blood.
What causes a heart attack?
A lack of oxygenated blood to the cardiac muscle causes it to die and prevents the heart contracting properly.
What are 3 possible treatments for cardiovascular / coronary heart disease?
Stent, bypass surgery, statins
What are 3 risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Smoking, alcohol, obesity
What non-communicable diseases is obesity a risk factor for?
cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes
What are 2 measurements for determining obesity?
BMI, waist:hip
What is the equation for calculating BMI?
BMI = body mass (kg) ÷ (height (cm))^2
What is the equation for calculating waist:hip ratio?
waist:hip = waist circumference ÷ hip circumference
