CB1 Cells Flashcards
What is an organelle?
A small structure that performs a function in a cell.
What 4 organelles are found in animal and plant cells?
Nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
What 3 organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole
What 3 organelles are found in all bacterial cells?
Cell membrane, ribosomes, cell wall
What is the defining feature of a eukaryotic cell?
It has a nucleus.
What is the defining feature of a prokaryotic cell?
It does not have a nucleus.
What are 2 examples of eukaryotic cells?
Plant, animal
What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
Bacteria
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains the genome (DNA) that provides instructions for the structure and function of the cell.
What isthe function of the cell membrane?
Controls the diffusion of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondrion?
Site of aerobic respiration - releases the energy required by the cell.
What is the function of the ribosome?
Performs protein synthesis - building proteins from amino acids using the instructions from DNA.
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Site of photosynthesis - produces glucose (food) for the plant.
What is the function of the large vacuole?
Fills with water to help maintain the shape of the cell.
What is the function of the cell wall?
Helps maintain the shape of the cell.
What is the function of the flagellum?
Enables the cell to move.
What is the function of the sperm cell?
Fertilise the egg cell.
What are the 5 specialised features of the sperm cell?
Acrosome, large number of mitochondria, flagellum, haploid nucleus, streamlined shape
What is an acrosome?
It stores enzymes needed to digest its way through the membrane of the egg cell
What is a haploid nucleus?
Nucleus containing only 1 copy of each chromosome.
What is a diploid nucleus?
Nucleus containing 2 copies of each chromosome.
What is the function of the egg cell?
To be fertilised by the sperm cell.
What are the 4 specialised features of the egg cell?
Large number of mitochondria, Straight after fertilisation its membrane changes structure to stop any more sperm getting in, haploid nucleus, large cytoplasm
What is the function of a ciliated cell?
Move things along the surface of passages.
What are the 2 specialised features of a ciliated cell?
Has tiny hairs called cilia that wave together to move things along, column shaped to stack closely together.
