Cases

Question 1

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

Answer 1

-Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional
-overruled the “separate but equal” principle set forth in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case

Question 2

Which act forbids discrimination to public accommodations?

Answer 2

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 3

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Answer 3

-established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional

Question 4

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Answer 4

-“separate, but equal facilities” based on race
-it made segregation legal

Question 5

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Answer 5

-law enforcement in the United States must warn a person of their constitutional rights before questioning
(Miranda Rights, right to remain silent and right to an attorney-stated in Fifth Amendment)

Question 6

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

Answer 6

-Supreme Court ruled that those who were enslaved and had gained freedom were property and could not bring cases to court.

Question 7

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Answer 7

-Supreme Court ruled that the sixth and fourteenth amendments meant that a criminal defendant has a right to a lawyer, and the state must provide one if the accused were unable to afford

Question 8

In re Gault (1966)

Answer 8

-Juveniles are entitled to due process, just as adults are. They must be informed of charges, given a lawyer if needed, shown evidence, and not be sentenced to harsher penalties than adults

Question 9

United States v. Nixon (1974)

Answer 9

-the president can withhold information only in certain circumstances related to the military or diplomatic relations; limits the power of presidents from using executive privilege

Question 10

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)

Answer 10

-censoring a school newspaper did not necessarily violate student’s First Amendment rights to free speech because the paper could reflect on the school; school officials must show that they have a strong educational reason for censoring material

Question 11

Bush v. Gore (2000)

Answer 11

-The Supreme Court ruled that Florida’s decision to allow recounts violated the 14th amendment’s equal protection clause, and Bush won the election

Question 12

Landmark Case

Answer 12

-an important or unique decision, event, or fact, that had a big impact on American society