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Histology > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

0
Q

Ground substance in cartilage? 4

A

Proteoglycans 40% of dry weight
Glycoproteins
Lipids
Water 80-90% of total weight

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1
Q

Chondroblast vacuoles contain?

A

Lipid and glycogen

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2
Q

Function of chrondroblasts?

A

Synthesise and destroy ECM

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3
Q

Contents of ECM?

A

Fibrillary component and ground substance
Avascular, a-neural
Surrounded by perichondrium (except hyaline cartilage - articular surface)

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4
Q

Functions of cartilage?

A

Embryo bone formation
Growth of long bones (metaphyseal cartilage)
Articular surface - reduce friction
Shock absorb - bear stress

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5
Q

Where is metaphysis

A

Between epiphysis and diaphysis (shaft)

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6
Q

Cells of cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts - located in perichondrium. Active nucleus. Vacuoles containing lipid + glycogen.

Chondrocytes - mature cell, lacunae, isogenous groups, deeper into cartilage more globular

Fibroblasts - outer layer of perichondrium

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7
Q

Cartilage ECM (fibres and ground substance)

A

Fibres: type 2 collagen(50% of dry weight)
Ground substance: proteoglycans, glycoproteins, lipids, water

Also type 1 collagen and elastic fibres (elastic cartilage)

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8
Q

Proteoglycan structure?

A

Core protein linked to many GAGs

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9
Q

Proteoglycan aggregates?

A

Hyaluronic acid central molecule.

Core proteins of proteoglycans attached via linker proteins

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10
Q

Perichrondrium contains? And extra facts?

A

Fibroblasts, Chondroblasts, Nerve, blood, lymphatic supply.
Not in articular cartilage
Req for cartilage healing
Is made of DCT

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11
Q

Perichondrium inner layer

A

Chondrogenic layer

Chondrocytes present

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12
Q

2 methods of cartilage growth?
Synthesised by?
What is synthesised?

A

Interstitial - only during development of tissue
Appositional
Mesenchymal cells -> Chondroblasts
Synthesise M of cartilage - proteoglycans, gags, chondronectin, collagen, elastic fibres

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13
Q

Appositional growth (3)

A

Perichondrium inner layer - differentiate - ecm components
New fibroblasts produced - maintain pop of perichondrium
After birth perichondrium not produced chondroblast

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14
Q

Interstitial growth? (3)

A

Partition formed between daughter cells

Chondrocytes within lacunae - mitosis + secrete ecm + move apart as secrete

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15
Q

Formation of joint cartilage?

A

Articular cartilage, no perichondrium, no appositional growth.

Only interstitial

16
Q

Cartilage (inter)territorial matrix

A

Territorial matrix - darker stain - gags + proteoglycans

17
Q

Stain for elastin fibres?

Stain for proteoglycans?

A

Weigert stain

PAS stain

18
Q

Cartilage function and how? (3)

A

Bear mechanical stress - proteoglycans - bind to water - absorb compressive forces
No perm distortion - resist tensile forces
Collagen compression similar to iron

19
Q

Cartilage classification. Hyaline and where found?

A

Type 2 collagen
Isogenous groups
Amorphous no fibre matrix

Bronchi, larynx, pharynx, articular surface, nose, trachea, ribs ventral ends, bone formation

20
Q

Cartilage classification. Elastic and where found?

A

Elastin fibres - resist repeated bending. Use weigert stain.
Compared to hyaline - isogenous groups closer - fewer and smaller
Elastic fibres in all directiom

Pinna of ear, external ear, epiglottis, auditory tube

21
Q

Cartilage classification. Fibrocartilage and where found

.

A

Both collagen type one and type 2.
White heterogenous appearance.
Intermediate between hyaline and dct.

Pubic symphysis, knee meniscus, intervertebral disk

22
Q

Cartilage ageing (2)

A

Abnormal collagen fibres increase - unstable - destroyed - cavities form - asbestiform degeneration
Decrease in proteoglycans - decrease water - less efficient absorption of nutrients and hormones + effects resistance

23
Q

Hyaline cartilage extra 3 points?

A

Supports respiratory system, forms fetal skeleton, glassy scare collagen fibres

24
Q

Hyaline cartilage 3 zones and different size of chondrocytes
Also what are collagen fibres linked to and how does this help?

A

Tangential - ovoid singular - t2 col bundles
Int. - globular singular - oblique col firils
Central - groups globular

COL fibres linked to proteoglycans - bear mechanical pressure and forces

25
Q

Arthritis and 4 symptoms

A

Degen joint disease - injury and ageing of articular cart.

Pain, stiffness, bone destruction, joint deformation, reduction of movement

26
Q

articular lips (3)

A

Inserted onto joins
Increase cavity
Increase maintenance of joint

27
Q

Fibrocartilage on intervertebral disk

A

Annulus fibrosus - concentric fibrocartilage

Nucleus pulposus - water and choroid tissue - scare ecm - abundant t1 col.

28
Q

Osteopontin functions

A

Anti apoptosis to inflammatory cells
Heart - apoptosis in some myocardia. Cells
Bone remodellingNegative charged therefore bond to ca - effect moneralisation
Attach to osteoclast - effect attachment to bone matrix

Histology (17 decks)

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