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Histology > 2.5 Urinary System > Flashcards

2.5 Urinary System Flashcards

0
Q

Where does filtration of water and low molec substances occur?

A

Renal corpuscle

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1
Q

Function of urinary system (3)

A

Maintenance of water, electrocytes and acid/base of blood
Excretion of waste products
Hormonal: renin(control bp), erythropoietin(rbc), vit D(control calcium)

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2
Q

What does the renal corpuscle consist of?

A

Glomerus and bowman’s capsule

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3
Q

Where selective reabsorption of h2o and molecules except waste
And h+ secretion occur?

A

Tubule

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4
Q

From blood into tubules there is?

A

secretion of excretory products

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5
Q

Glomerular filtrate and urine production rates?

A

120ml / min

1ml / min

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6
Q

-The kidney is a …. Organ.
-Dimensions (l,w,t)
Surrounded by (2)

A

Parenchymous
12, 6.5, 3
Fibrous capsules, perinephric fat

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7
Q

Areas of kidney

A

Renal capsule, cortex, pyramids, sinus, papillae, major/minor calyces, renal pelvis. Renal columns

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8
Q

What is the cribiform area in the kidneys?

A

Opening of papillary ducts

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9
Q

Urinary tract (5)

A 
Major and minor calycyes
Pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
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10
Q

Urethra in males and female

A

Males - organ of urinary + reproductive system

Females - short

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11
Q

Kidney main location (vetebrae) and position with respect to peritoneum?

A

T12-L3

Extra Peritoneal - surrounded by fascia and adipose (hilium of kidney)

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12
Q

Kidney function main (3)

A

Maintenance of water, electrolytes and acid/base homeostasis
Excretion of waste products (urea, uric acid)
Hormonal and met functions (3)

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13
Q

Kidney hormonal functions (3)

A

Renin - raas pathway
Erythropoietin - ++ rbc
Vit D - ca balance

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14
Q

Renal sinus contains?

A

Adipose tissue

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15
Q

How many pyramids and nephrons per kidney

A

8 and 1m

Nephron = functional unit

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16
Q

Nephron involved in?

A

Filtration of blood and modifying filtration (absorption and reabsorption)

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17
Q

Structure of kidney - weight, l, w, h and surrounded by?

A

150-170gr
12,6.5,3 cm
Fibrous capsule - surrounded by perinephric fat

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18
Q

Structure and vascularisation of kidney tightly related

A

Aorta - renal arteries - 5x segmental art- interlobar art - interlobular art - arcuate art
Interlobular art -> afferent art -> glomerus -> efferent arteriole

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19
Q

Surface of kidney..

During pathological situation color….

A

Smooth.

Dark

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20
Q

Cortex and percentage of nephrons?

A

95%

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21
Q

Renal lobe contains

A

Cortex and medulla

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22
Q

Renal lobule also called?

A

Only cortex
2 interlobular artery surround by medullary rays

Also called cortical lobule

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23
Q

Glomeruli only found in?

And when this contains no glomeruli?

A

Cortex.

Cortex corticis

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24
Arcuate artery ->
Vasa recta in medulla and cortex
25
Nephron and capp
Tighly related
26
Bowmans capsule also named?
Malpighian corpuscle
27
JM = juxtaglomrular Cortical nephron Jm nephron
In cortex Jm - loop of henle in medulla, longer nephron, more efficient conc of urine
28
Renal papillae (2)
Projects into pelvicalyceal space | Opening large straight ducts into crib-rated area
29
How much CO cardiac output into kidney in one day?
20%
30
4 main steps in urine production - frsc
Filtration, Reabsorption and secretion by tubules Concentration by removal of water
31
Kidney cortex contains? (3)
Cortex corticis Cortex labyrinth Medullary rays : straight tubules + collecting tubules
32
Medulla ,(2)
Pyramids : straight tubules and collecting ducts Renal columns Loopof henle
33
Uniferous pole and what type of cells?
Glomerular filtrate to prox convu tubules Cuboidal cells
34
Bowmans capsules 2 layers
Parietal - simple squamous | Visceral - podocytes
35
Glomerular capp are?
Fenestrated with cont basement membrane/lamina
36
Filtration membrane contains? (5)
``` Capp space Capp endi Bm Foot process of podocyte and fenestrations Capsular space filtrate ```
37
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Juxtaglomerular cells Macula densa Extraglomerula mesangium
38
Raas pathway
Renin - angiotensinogen -> angiotensin 1 -> 2 - aldesterone Increase na reabsorption -> water reabsorption increase bp. Stim by low bp and nerve impulses during stress
39
Angiotensin 2 (4)
Vasoconstriction Vasopressin rel by pituitary gland Adrenal gland rel - adrenaline(+nor), aldesterone
40
Calyces and pelvis height
2-3cm
41
Ureter 3 constrictions
Uteropelvic junction Pelvic inlet - common iliac art split into int and external Entrance to bladder
42
Ureter active role in
Transport of urine and ant to comm iliac art and vein
43
Post of bladder
Ureter, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, musuclar post of bladder, prostate
44
Bladder sup view of inf wall?
Ureter orific Trigone Interuteric folding Internal uretral meatus
45
Urinary bladder holds how much urine!
250ml - 300ml
46
Antireflux mechanism | What delimits orifice?
Bladder fills - intramural portion of bladder = compressed | Orifice delimited by mucosal fold (ureter valve)
47
Urethra in male and female
F - smaller - paraurethral - skere's gland M - 4 parts - preprostatic, prostatic, membraneous, spongy Glands of litre - secrete mucus (colloid, gags) -> protect epithelium against urine.
48
Age related kidney fibrosis
Fibroblasts -> increase collagen production (type 1 and 4 & fibronectin)
49
Renal corpuscle : epithelium, major functions, summary (EMS)
E simple squamous - bowmans capsule. Visceral and parietal layer. M filter blood S endothelial cells, fused basal lamina, podocyte processes (fenestratiojs in between - pedicles
50
Proximal convoluted tubule : EMS
Epi - simple squamous Major func-reabsorb all proteins, glucose and aa. 80% of all Na, water and cl ion Sum - na pumps - remove na - water follows - maintain isotonicity with blood
51
Loop of henle thick decending lim. EMS
E- simple cuboidal - brush border M - same of pct S - same as pct
52
EMS : loop of henle - thin decending limb
E simple squamous M water exits na and cl enter S blood respect hypertonic urea also enters lumen of tubule
53
Loop of henle - thin ascending limb ems
E simple squamous M somewhat permeable to water - enter ultra-filtrate. Na and cl exit S - blood respect hypertonic urea enter lumen of tubule
54
Loop of henle - thick ascending limb ems
E simple cuobidal with mito M - impermeable to water. Cl active transport out. Na follows. S - ultrafiltrate = hypotonic
55
JG apparatus - macula densa ems
Simple cuboidal cells M monitor level of na in ultrafiltrate distal tubule S gap junction - communicate with jg cells in efferent arteriole NOS synthetase
56
Jg cells afferent arteriole ems
E modded sm cel,s - renin granules M syn renin, release into bloodstream S act on plasma cells - angiotensin 2 stim adrenal cortex -> aldosterone (acts on distal convoluted tubule).
57
Distal convuluted tubule ems
E Simple cuboidal - compartmentalised mito. M - adesterone - cells remove na . S Hypotonic. K, nh4, h, enter lumen
58
Collecting ducts ems
Simple cuboidal and columnar M presence of adh permeable to water. Removed from filtrate. Hypertonic urine. S absense impermeabble to water. Hypotonic urine.
59
Excretory passages- which contain transitional epithelium
``` Major minor calyces Renal pelvis Ureter Urinary bladder Female urethra Male prostatic urethra ```
60
Excretory passages - which contains pseudostratified or strat columnar
Male membraneous and cavernous urethra (until navicula fossa -> strat squamous)
61
Excretory passages - LP contain reticular, elastic fibres?
Major minor calyces Renal pelvis And ureter (also contain collagen)
62
Which excretory passages contain glands of litre
Female urethra | Male prostatic & membranous (few) cavernosus (many)
63
Ureter muscularis and how it conducts urine?
Inner longi, outer circ | Active conducts - peristalsis
64
Muscularis for calyces, pelvis, ureter(3rd additional), urinary bladder (poorly defined 3), urethra fem, prostatic urethra male
Inner longi, outer circ of sm. | Ureter and urinary bladder (poorly defined) - 3rd outermost longi
65
Urethra male - muscularis - membranous, cavernous
Membranous - striated - ext sphinter | Cavernous - few sm with elastic fibres
66
Mesangium cells and juxtaglomerular cells derived from?
Smooth muscle cell precursor
67
Mesangium cells function PSSM
Phagocytosis Structural support Secretion Modulate glomerular distension - response to high bp
68
Macular densa different from other juxtaglomerular cells?
Req special stains, nuclei partially superimposed over each other, taller
69
Smooth muscle of bladder wall forms? Opening of urethra these form? What arrangement around this? Arrangement of sm in this muscle?
Detrusor muscle Internal urethral sprincter with ring like arrangement Sm bundles less regular than tubular portion of excretory passages -> mixed with collagen bundles
70
What muscle contracts -> urine into urethra?
Detrusor muscle of bladder
71
Bladder innervation? (3)
Sympath - adventitia - innvervate bv Parasympath - inner muscle and adventita - effererent fibres of micturition reflex Sensory fibre - sensory afferent fibres of micturition reflex
72
Urethra male
20cm Prostatic - 3cm transitional . Ejacculatory ducts enter. Small prostatic ducts empty into. Membranous - 1cm - ext voluntary skeletal sphincter - pass thru deep perineal pouch - strat/pseudo strat columnar epi Spongy - glands of litre and cowper glands empty here - pseudostart columnar. End= strat squamous - 15cm
73
Urethra female
3-5cm Longi folds Transitional -> squamous
74
Medullary rays contain? | Region between medullary rays contain?
Straight tubules and collecting ducts Corpuscles, convoluted tubules and collecting tubules - cortical labyrinths

Histology (17 decks)

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