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Histology > 2.1 Heart > Flashcards

2.1 Heart Flashcards

0
Q

Pulmonary veins?

A

4 into left atria

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1
Q

Heart ventricles? (3)

A

Thicker than atria
left ventricle thicker than right
greater bp than atria

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2
Q

Heart (4)

A

Hollow fibromuscular organ
Ant. Mediastinuum
Fibrous sac
Flattened cone/deformed pyramid

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3
Q

Heart - base to apex

A

12cm

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4
Q

Heart weight, m and f

A

M 300g

F 250g

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5
Q

During cardiac cycle - the apex?

A

Does not move

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6
Q

Where is diaphragmatic face? Septal plane?

A

Inferiorly. Mainly rep. By ventricles

45* to saggital. Divides L and R heart

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7
Q

Iv groove?

A

Ant and post of heart

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8
Q

Sterrnocostal face?

A

Front of heart. Behind breastbone

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9
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Rv - vein draining heart

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10
Q

Right atrium post

A

Sinus vena cavae - smooth

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11
Q

Right atrium ant

A

True atrium - pectinate and cristae terminalis - auricle (sulcus terminalis externally)

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12
Q

Triangle of koch (4)

A

Tendon of todoro
Avn - apex of triangle
Central fibrous body
Coronary sinus at base

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13
Q

Rv 3 regions

A

Inflow, trabeculated, outflow

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14
Q

Left atrium (4)

A

Smooth surface
Less muscle pectinate
4 pv, no valves
Foramen ovale

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15
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

Dct

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16
Q

Av valves

A

Fibrous lamina - tfibroelastic tissue with overlying endocardium.
3 cusps.
No bv.
Smooth atrial surface
Chordae tendinae - ventricular surface - prevent extra flexion during ventricle contraction

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17
Q

Semilunar valves

A

3 cusps, nodules, lunules.
Aortic valve - rca, lca sinuses
Closure - end of systole - due to filling of cusps when ventricles contract

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18
Q

Valves - 3 layers

A

Fibrosa - core - fibrous extensions of dct of fibrous ring
Spongiosa - lct - atrial/bv side - shock absorber
Ventricularis - adjacent to ventricular or atrial surface. Endothelium.

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19
Q

Diastole, systole

A

Diastole - atria contract

Systole - ventricle contract

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20
Q

What main in cardiac tissue?

A

Proteoglycans, collagen fibres, elastic fibres

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21
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Attached to cusps via chordae tendinae. Prevent inversion of valves

22
Q

Nodule of aranzio and morgagni?

A

Aorta and pulmonary

23
Q

Sinus of valsalva?

A

Prevent adhesion of the cusps to the arterial wall

24
Q

Adhering portions of valves?

A

Close to each other - form commisires

25
Q

Free margin line?

A

Not closure line. Actual few mm below

26
Q

How semilunar valves work?

A 
Fibrous lamina (loose ct) - thickened in nodule.
Modification - fibrocalcific - assosiated with dilation of aorta -> surgery replace valves
27
Q

Fibrous skeleton (4)

A

Fibrous ct, 4 rings L and R trionge

Membranous part of septum

28
Q

Fibrous part of skeleton functions

A

Attachment of cardiac muscle of atria and ventricle - vascularised stroma
Attachment of cusps
Separates physically and chemically - atria from ventricles
Maintains opening of valves

29
Q

Cardiac muscle layers

A

2 layers - 1 common, 1 proper

30
Q

Atria musculature

A

Deep layer - specific - circular muscle fibres - around opening of veins - form pectinate muscles
Specific layer - common - transverse and vertical system

31
Q

Ventricle musculature

A

Specific - ascending : sub endocardium and papillary muscles

Common - descending : sub epicardium

32
Q

Pericardium outer layer

A

Serosa - fibrous

         - serous - pericardiac space
                        - visceral ( serosa (epicardium) )

Between serous -> pericardial cavity (20 ml fluid for unhibited movement)

33
Q

Structure of heart

A

Endocardium - endothelim (ss) + CT
Myocardium - cmmon and specific myocardium
Epicardium (visceral and serous layer) - serosa - mesothelium + ct lamina
Fibrous skeleton in av plane

34
Q

Epicardium. Mesothelium and lamina

Sub epicardiac layer

A

Meso - covered by lq veil
Lamina - elastic fibres
Sub epicardiac layer - cont with muscle layer. Branches of coronary art surrounded by fat

35
Q

Endocardium 3 layers

A

Internal - endothelium
Middle - myocytes, parallel col fibres, elastic fibres
Outer :’purkinje fibres , bv nv

36
Q

Atrium special

A

Myoendocrine cardiomyocytes produced, stored, secret ANP
Rel in response to high bp
Kidney - na loss, water loss therefore increase urine

37
Q

ANP released in response to….

A

Angiotensin 2, rise in na, atrial wall stretching, endothelin, stim sympat of b-adrenoreceptors

38
Q

Purkinje fibres (2)

A

Specific myocardium

Modified cardiac muscle cells : less actin and myosin

39
Q

Conduction system of heart

A

San - pacemaker - central artery - 55% rca, 45 lca
Avn - nodal fibres, bundle of his - extend into membranous portion of skeleton (iv septum)
L+R branch
Purkinje fibres

40
Q

San node innervation

A

Parasympathetic - vagus

Sympathetic - t1-t4 spinal nerves - also innervate atria and ventricles - therefore influence force of contraction

41
Q

San node cells

A

Nodal cells, transitional cells, purkinje cells

42
Q

Elongated nodal cells,

A

increase in vol, purkinje cells, - subendocardium.
Contain glycogen around nucleus, binucleated
Seperate by collagen and cardiac skeleton from other cardiac cells
Stain lighter,

43
Q

Contractile waves from purkinje fibres

A

Apex of ventricles - from inside out (subendocardium to subepicardium)

44
Q

Coronary artery - diammeter. R and L

A

1-2mm large to med muscular artery
Right - continue rigt of tv septum. Reach ant papillary
Left - ribbon - 1cm width - divide into 3 bundles at apex of heart - papillary muscle

45
Q

San…..

A

San - avn to his to 2 branches + purkinje to the ventricles

46
Q

Coronary veins (4) drain into?

A 
Great ant iv vein
Middle post iv vein 
Small
Post 
Drain into coronary sinus
47
Q

Coronary art anastomoses

A

Not efficient - not provide alt route - block lead to cardiac arrest - ishemia death of cardiac cells

48
Q

Lca divides into!

A

Circumflex, iv artery and left marginal

49
Q

Rca (2) and
divides into..
Branches…

A

Dominant.
Post iv branch - provide san and avn (70-80%) of people
Runs in coronary sulcus.
Branches - sternocostal face, diaphragmatic face

50
Q

What does rca supply?(5)

A 
San avn
Right atria and ventricles
Iv septum
Left atrium
Post inf 1/3 of iv septum
Post of left ventricle
51
Q

Origin of rca

A

Ascending aorta

52
Q

Lca divides into? And where?

A

Circumflex, iv artery, left marginal

Behind pulmonary trunk. Enters the coronary sulcus

Histology (17 decks)

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