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Histology > 2.1 Heart > Flashcards

2.1 Heart Flashcards

0
Q

Pulmonary veins?

A

4 into left atria

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1
Q

Heart ventricles? (3)

A

Thicker than atria
left ventricle thicker than right
greater bp than atria

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2
Q

Heart (4)

A

Hollow fibromuscular organ
Ant. Mediastinuum
Fibrous sac
Flattened cone/deformed pyramid

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3
Q

Heart - base to apex

A

12cm

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4
Q

Heart weight, m and f

A

M 300g

F 250g

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5
Q

During cardiac cycle - the apex?

A

Does not move

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6
Q

Where is diaphragmatic face? Septal plane?

A

Inferiorly. Mainly rep. By ventricles

45* to saggital. Divides L and R heart

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7
Q

Iv groove?

A

Ant and post of heart

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8
Q

Sterrnocostal face?

A

Front of heart. Behind breastbone

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9
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Rv - vein draining heart

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10
Q

Right atrium post

A

Sinus vena cavae - smooth

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11
Q

Right atrium ant

A

True atrium - pectinate and cristae terminalis - auricle (sulcus terminalis externally)

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12
Q

Triangle of koch (4)

A

Tendon of todoro
Avn - apex of triangle
Central fibrous body
Coronary sinus at base

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13
Q

Rv 3 regions

A

Inflow, trabeculated, outflow

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14
Q

Left atrium (4)

A

Smooth surface
Less muscle pectinate
4 pv, no valves
Foramen ovale

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15
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

Dct

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16
Q

Av valves

A

Fibrous lamina - tfibroelastic tissue with overlying endocardium.
3 cusps.
No bv.
Smooth atrial surface
Chordae tendinae - ventricular surface - prevent extra flexion during ventricle contraction

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17
Q

Semilunar valves

A

3 cusps, nodules, lunules.
Aortic valve - rca, lca sinuses
Closure - end of systole - due to filling of cusps when ventricles contract

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18
Q

Valves - 3 layers

A

Fibrosa - core - fibrous extensions of dct of fibrous ring
Spongiosa - lct - atrial/bv side - shock absorber
Ventricularis - adjacent to ventricular or atrial surface. Endothelium.

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19
Q

Diastole, systole

A

Diastole - atria contract

Systole - ventricle contract

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20
Q

What main in cardiac tissue?

A

Proteoglycans, collagen fibres, elastic fibres

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21
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Attached to cusps via chordae tendinae. Prevent inversion of valves

22
Q

Nodule of aranzio and morgagni?

A

Aorta and pulmonary

23
Q

Sinus of valsalva?

A

Prevent adhesion of the cusps to the arterial wall

24
Adhering portions of valves?
Close to each other - form commisires
25
Free margin line?
Not closure line. Actual few mm below
26
How semilunar valves work?
``` Fibrous lamina (loose ct) - thickened in nodule. Modification - fibrocalcific - assosiated with dilation of aorta -> surgery replace valves ```
27
Fibrous skeleton (4)
Fibrous ct, 4 rings L and R trionge | Membranous part of septum
28
Fibrous part of skeleton functions
Attachment of cardiac muscle of atria and ventricle - vascularised stroma Attachment of cusps Separates physically and chemically - atria from ventricles Maintains opening of valves
29
Cardiac muscle layers
2 layers - 1 common, 1 proper
30
Atria musculature
Deep layer - specific - circular muscle fibres - around opening of veins - form pectinate muscles Specific layer - common - transverse and vertical system
31
Ventricle musculature
Specific - ascending : sub endocardium and papillary muscles | Common - descending : sub epicardium
32
Pericardium outer layer
Serosa - fibrous - serous - pericardiac space - visceral ( serosa (epicardium) ) Between serous -> pericardial cavity (20 ml fluid for unhibited movement)
33
Structure of heart
Endocardium - endothelim (ss) + CT Myocardium - cmmon and specific myocardium Epicardium (visceral and serous layer) - serosa - mesothelium + ct lamina Fibrous skeleton in av plane
34
Epicardium. Mesothelium and lamina | Sub epicardiac layer
Meso - covered by lq veil Lamina - elastic fibres Sub epicardiac layer - cont with muscle layer. Branches of coronary art surrounded by fat
35
Endocardium 3 layers
Internal - endothelium Middle - myocytes, parallel col fibres, elastic fibres Outer :'purkinje fibres , bv nv
36
Atrium special
Myoendocrine cardiomyocytes produced, stored, secret ANP Rel in response to high bp Kidney - na loss, water loss therefore increase urine
37
ANP released in response to....
Angiotensin 2, rise in na, atrial wall stretching, endothelin, stim sympat of b-adrenoreceptors
38
Purkinje fibres (2)
Specific myocardium | Modified cardiac muscle cells : less actin and myosin
39
Conduction system of heart
San - pacemaker - central artery - 55% rca, 45 lca Avn - nodal fibres, bundle of his - extend into membranous portion of skeleton (iv septum) L+R branch Purkinje fibres
40
San node innervation
Parasympathetic - vagus | Sympathetic - t1-t4 spinal nerves - also innervate atria and ventricles - therefore influence force of contraction
41
San node cells
Nodal cells, transitional cells, purkinje cells
42
Elongated nodal cells,
increase in vol, purkinje cells, - subendocardium. Contain glycogen around nucleus, binucleated Seperate by collagen and cardiac skeleton from other cardiac cells Stain lighter,
43
Contractile waves from purkinje fibres
Apex of ventricles - from inside out (subendocardium to subepicardium)
44
Coronary artery - diammeter. R and L
1-2mm large to med muscular artery Right - continue rigt of tv septum. Reach ant papillary Left - ribbon - 1cm width - divide into 3 bundles at apex of heart - papillary muscle
45
San.....
San - avn to his to 2 branches + purkinje to the ventricles
46
Coronary veins (4) drain into?
``` Great ant iv vein Middle post iv vein Small Post Drain into coronary sinus ```
47
Coronary art anastomoses
Not efficient - not provide alt route - block lead to cardiac arrest - ishemia death of cardiac cells
48
Lca divides into!
Circumflex, iv artery and left marginal
49
Rca (2) and divides into.. Branches...
Dominant. Post iv branch - provide san and avn (70-80%) of people Runs in coronary sulcus. Branches - sternocostal face, diaphragmatic face
50
What does rca supply?(5)
``` San avn Right atria and ventricles Iv septum Left atrium Post inf 1/3 of iv septum Post of left ventricle ```
51
Origin of rca
Ascending aorta
52
Lca divides into? And where?
Circumflex, iv artery, left marginal Behind pulmonary trunk. Enters the coronary sulcus

Histology (17 decks)

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