2 Exocrine Glands Flashcards
No. Of cells - unicellular?
Goblet cells use H&E OR PAS stain Mucinogens (droplets stored in vesicles) + water = mucus Contain GAGs and Glycoproteins Basal portion - Nucleus, RER, Golgi Apical "" - Vesicles to be secreted
6 steps of classification of exocrine glands?
No. Of cells - uni/multi cellular Location - intra/extra mural Shape of secretory portion Branched secretory portion Mode of secretion Nature of secretion (only for merocrine glands)
Where are unicellular glands located?
Intraepithelia
Where are intramural glands located? And give 2 examples?
Within walls of hollow organ.
Mucosal and submucosal
What are extramural glands?
Give 4 example
Duct from gland linked externally from hollow organ
Liver,pancreas, major salivary glands,gallbladder
Extra epithelia, intrachorial definition? And 1 example
Located within CT
Stratified squamous epithelia. Basal cells cuboidal.
In lamina proporia of oesophagus.
Esophageal cardiac glands (EG)
An example of multicellular intraepithelial gland?
Bulbourethral glands.
Shape of secretory unit
Acinar - small lumen - serous - pyramidal shaped cells
Tubular - large lumen - mucous is viscous
Alveolar - largest lumen, irregular.
All cells columnar or cuboidal.
Branching of secretory unit (3)
Simple - no branching. 1 conducting and secretory portion.
Branched - secretory duct branched. No branching of conducting duct
Compound - branched duct, contains more than one type of duct
Mode of secretion (3)
Merocrine - secretory product(spstored in vesicles, release by exocytosis into lumen
Apocrine - small vesicles bud off PM. SP stored in apical portion in vesicles therefore lost to lumen
Holocrine - whole cell detach from BM. SP made of cells. Cell division, mitosis replaces cells. Eg Sebacous glands.
Nature of secretion (3)
Serous - acinar - darker stain
Mucus - tubular - basal flat: nucleus
Mixed - serous and mucus lumen
- serous portion granuzzi demilune
- vesicles delivered by intercellular secretory canaliculus
Myoepithelial cells (6)
basal portion of Secretory duct( SD), connect to BM via hemidesosomes
Contain actin, myosin, int filaments
Arise from ectoderm
Contract therefore allow SD to release mat.
Contraction-occurs via calmodulin mediation.
Mammary glands - oxytocin - contract in response
Lacrimal glands - acetylecholine - “”
Myofibroblats
Arise from mesenchymal cells
Contain caldesmon, cytokeratins and vimentin
Actin and myosin in higher amounts compared to fibroblasts
May contract during wound healing.- reduce size of defect
CT divides diff lobules of glands, more info?
Inter/intralobar
Inter/intralobular
Main, lobar, inter-intra lobar, striated, intercalated, acinus
Typical features of a salivary gland?
High no of mito
Basal infolding
Ion channels
What cell does acinar duct contain and example of where found?
Centroacinar.
Lumen of secretory duct
Pancreas exocrine gland.
Parotid gland
Acinar, zymogen granules, serous
Submadibular and palatine gland
Mixed tubuloacinar
How to differentiate between endothelium of blood vessel and secretory duct
Cut at diff points, variation in shape of lumen if tubular exocrine gland.
Exocrine gland never squamous.
How to distinguish between parotid gland and exocrine pancreatic gland?
Pancreas - centroacinar cell, islets of langerhans
Small intestine different types of cells?
Goblet cells Regenerative cells Surface absorption cells Enteroendocrine cells Pareth cells - secrete lysozime - destroy bacteria
Simple glands (3) and examples
Simple Alveolar - intraepithelia glands of nose and urethra mucosa
Simple acinar - small Sebacous glands
Simple tubular - crypts of lieberkaun, sweat grands (coiled and tubular), gastric glands (tubular)
Branched (2 types)
Branched acinar - sebacous glands (large - stomach)
Branched tubular - pyloric gland (secrete gastin)
Pyloric gland simple tubular also
Compound (3) glands
Compund alveolar - prostate, mammary gland
Compound acinar - exocrine pancrea, major salivary gland
Compound tubular - oesophageal cardiac gland (EG)
What is epitheloid tissue?
Ressembles epithelia but not.
Eg epithelium downgrowth, proliferation. Loss of duct and connect to surface. Surrounded by capillaries. Become endocrine gland.
Eg parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary, thyroid, pineal, testes, ovary, pancreas.
