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Histology > 2.2 Vessel Structure > Flashcards

2.2 Vessel Structure Flashcards

0
Q

Histology of typical blood vessel. Three layers?

A

Tunica externa, media, interna.

More obvious in arteries than veins

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1
Q

Major types of vessel?

A

Art, vein, capp, lymph

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2
Q

The layers. Outside to in?

A

Nerves, bv, adventitia, external elastic layer, tunica media, internal elastic layer, sub-endothelial ct, tunica interna: endothelial layer, basal lamina

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3
Q

Arteries to arterioles. Classification based on morphology.

A

SM proportion increases. Elastic decreases.

Layers of sm decreases

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4
Q

Aorta major branches

A

Subclavian, common carotid, brachiocephalic, common iliac, pulmonary

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5
Q

Size of artery wall near heart? And why?

A

Thick.

Preserve pressure - recoil during diastole - maintain arteriole pressure

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6
Q

Elastic arteries….

A

Not conc in external and internal lamina
Lp - elastic fibres and mod. Sm cells -> myointimal -> age accumulate
Lipids

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7
Q

Muscular arteries

A

Less elastic (int ext lamina), higher sm, vasoconstriction

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8
Q

Difference between muscular and small muscular artery?

A

20-30 layers - concentric - sm

3-10 concentric layers of SM

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9
Q

Resistance vessels

A

Control blood - organs
Partial contractive
2-5 layers of sm cells
Major determinants of systemic blood pressure

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10
Q

Ateriole (5)

A

Thicker wall rel lumen. Int ext elastic lamina
T interna - no subendothelial tossue
T media - thickest 1-2 sm layer
T externa - fibroelastic

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11
Q

5 types of arterial anastomoses

A

Inosculation (direct end to end or multiple arcades)
Capillary network
Convergence
Branches

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12
Q

Capillary network.
Microvascular bed (3) outline components.
What are preferential channels? And example?
How blood bypass capillary network?
Function of pre-capillary sphincters?
How is blood flow regulated?

A

Terminal arteriole, capillary bed, post capp venule

  • continuous blood flow (larger capillaries - met-arteriole)
  • av shunt or anastomoses
  • contract relax - control blood flow into bed
  • vasomotor nerves, chemical changes
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13
Q

Av shunts - where found? (4) Structure, difference compared to precapp sphincter, important in?

A

Fingertips, nose, lips, corpora cavernosa (penis)
Rich bv, nerves. Capsule, thick sm layer.
Opposite to sphincter. Contraction - blood into bed.
Thermoregulation

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14
Q

Capillaries ?

A

Single layer endothelial, one rbc pass, pericytes.

Function: gas exchange, hormone, ions, nutrients, wastes etc

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15
Q

Examples of Tissues where not rich capillary supply? (5)

Types of capillaries (3) where each found (3 each)

A

Tendons, ligaments, cornea, lens, epithelial tissue
Continuous: brain, lung, muscle
fenestrated intestine kidney endocrine glands, si, ciliary process of eye
discontinuous: liver spleen bone marrow, some endo glands, lymphoid tissue

16
Q

Continous capp?

A

PP L O PP
Lack pores, impermeable, uninterrupted lining, occluding junctions, pinocytotic vesicles, pericytes.

Blood (brain, testis, thymus barrier)

17
Q

Fenestrated capp?

A

80-100nm. Dynamic. basement membrane continuous across fenestrations.
Where? Kidney, si, cillary process of eye, endocrine glands

Where filtration or absorption occur

18
Q

Discontinuous/sinusoidal capp

A

Large lumen, permeable.
No diaphragm, discontinuous basal lamina
Liver, spleen, some endocrine glands, lymphoid tissue, bone amrrow

19
Q

Properties of endothelium?

A

Selectively permeable barrier - diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis
Nonthrombogenic barrier - secretion : anticoagulants, anti/pro thrombogenic agents
Mod blood flow, vascular resistance - secretion : vaso-constrictors/dilators
Reg. cell growth - secret. Growth stim / inhibiting factors
Immune response - reg. : leukocyte migration, immune functions
Extracellular matrix - syn basal lamina, glycocalyx
Lipoprotein met - free rad production

20
Q

Veins (7). Where origin. Function. Pressure. Structure. Extra (2)

A 
Origin - capp network
Valves (semilunar/sparrows nest) - tunica intima, fibroelastic tissue (veins >2mm)
Lower pressure than arteries
Thinner, less elastic tissue
Several anastomosis
Capacitance and reservoir vessel
21
Q

Blood volume %. Veins. Lungs. Heart. Arteries. Capillaries.

A 
65
10
10
10
5
22
Q

Veins types

A

Small - post capp. Mucular. Collecting venules
Medium
Large

23
Q

Veins structure

A

Less well defined tunicas
adventitia greater than media
Less elastic tissue
Elastic membranes poorly developed.

24
Q

Veins categorised based on movement (2) and different areas in respect

A

Receptive - head, neck, curtaneous, upper limb

Propulsive - thicker, more sm
Lower limbs, inferior vena cava, portal, splenic, superior mesenteric, external iliac, renal, arzygos

25
Q

Post capillary venules. (6)
Main site of?
Diammeter etc?

A

Smallest. Porous endothelium. No sm.
Allow fluids, wbc.
Main site of vasoactive agents - inflammation, allergic reactions
10-50um

26
Q

Example of vasoactive agent?

A

Histamine

27
Q

Muscular venules amd its diammeter

A

Few sm layers.

80-100um

28
Q

Where are high endothelial venules found?

Differences in endo?

A

Lymph nodes.
T cells enter lymph nodes via HEV(lymphatic vessels)
All secondary lymphoid organs except spleen
Endo - plump than squamous

29
Q

Medium sized vein. And thickest layer - what is it composed of?

A

Tunica adventitia - collagen fibres - longitudinal.

30
Q

Large vein. Tunica media and Tunica adventitia arranged?

A

Narrow tunica media - small amounts of sm - circular
Adventitia - Longitudinal SM + collagen fibres

Elastic fibres scattered throughout

31
Q

Lymphatic vessels? (5)

A 
Adjunct to bv.
Unidirectional
Drain into venous circulation
Drain protein rich plasma/ecm fluids
Immune system
32
Q

How backflow prevents in lymphatic vessels?
Lv larger in size?
What is a lymphangion?
In SI what are they called?
Compared to cap (2)?
Fucntion of anchoring filaments with Lymphatic Capp?

A

Valves.
Larger - more sm - contraction - propulsion of fluids
Functional unit between 2 valves
Lacteal
1)2) more permeable, lack basal lamina
Prevent vessel collapse under increased pressure

33
Q

What forms the intrinsic enteric nervous system? (2)

A

Meissner and myenteric plexuses

Histology (17 decks)

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