2.6 Male And Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Excurrent duct system (2) proximal and distal
Proximal - 20 efferent tubules
Distal - mesonephric duct aka ductus deference (pseudostrat epi)
Intratesticular ducts? Lined by….and changes into? Overall (3)
Straight tubules(tubuli recti) = terminal section Lined by sertoli cells. Changes into cuboidal epithelium Empties into rete testis -> simple cuboidal (single cilium); low columnar epi(few short microvilli)
Efferent ductules (8)
Pseudostrat. 20 connect rete testis to epididymis.
Saw tooth lumen.
Basal cells - undifferentiated stem cells
Tall columnar - ciliated
Small columnar - non cilia, mv, canalicular invag, pinocytotic vesicles
Transport of sperm - cilia and sm contraction.
Sm - circ, inner + outer longi. Elastic fibres.
Appendix testis and utricle formed from?
In males, paramesopheric duct remnants.
Females - uterus, tubes, upper 1/3 of vagina
Sry gene -> testis transcription factor -> anti mullerian hormone
Testicle (8) and size
4-5cm length, 3cm thickness Tunica albungie (dct), tunica vagalis propria, lobules (250), scrotal bursa, rete testis, appendix testis, appendix epididymis, tunica vasculosa (lct + bv)
Epidiymis (3)
Length, actual length.
3 parts.
Involved in?
Efferent ductules (head) + duct of epididymis (body and tail). Bv, sm, ct covering
7.5cm. 4-6m - coiled duct.
Decapacitation
Epididymis - decapacitation
sperm motility,
addition of surface associated decap factor,
inhibit fertility - reversible
Duct of epididymis - cell types (3)
Pseudostrat
1 principle cells - stereocilia ( 80um - 20um)
2 basal cells - stem cells ( small round)
3 migrating halo cells (lymphocytes prox end)
Seminiferous tubule and secretions?
Secrete fluid. Absorbed in efferent tubules. Reabsorbed in duct of epididymis (proximal)
Epididymis - 5 secretion products.
Aid maturation of sperm
Glycoproteins, siliac acid, glycerophosphocholine, steroids, glycocalyx
Epididymis head body tail
Head and body only circ
Tail - circ, inner outer longi cont with ductus deferens
Epididymis peristalsis contractions (2)
Tail ( reservoir of sperm)
Neural stim, ejaculation - intense contractions
Ductus deferens length?
40cm
Ductus deferens similar (2) and diff (2) to epididymis
Similar - Pseudostrat columnar epi, microvilli
Difference - thick muscular contraction, irregular lumen (longi flolds)
Ductus deferens - ampulla (3)
Thinner musuclar coat
Glandular diverticulum
Longi layer sm near ejaculatory duct disappear
Spermatic chord contains?
All structures pass to and from the testis
Accessory glands
Seminal vesicles - glandular diverticulum - 60% of sf, nutrition + stim of motility - survival of sperm in vagina
Prostate - 30% of SF. Citric acid, enzymes, proteins
Bulbourethral glands - urogenital diaphram - alkaline mucus. Compound tubular alveolar - similar to mucus secreting glands.
Bulbourethral glands. Epithelium. And fliud
Simple columnar. Presminal
Semen (4)
Sperm, secretory products, fluids,
100m sperm / ml. 3ml
Alkaline - neutralise acidic urethra + vagina
Prostaglandins
Zinc - stabilize dna chromatn
Prostaglandins (supress immune response)
Vit c, phosphosyrylcholine, fructose, liquifin,
Prostate shape?
Chestnut like
Prostate secretes Rich in? Proteins can be used for? The concretion? How differ from thyroids?
Alkaline fluid - neutralised acidic ph of vagina
Rich in citric acids, proteolytic enzymes, liquifin -> coagulated sperm(semen) into vagina
Proteins: prostate specific antigen - detect cancer
Copora amylacea - also found neuroglia and pul alveoli
Epi, structure and mat of secretory uni. (Tubuloalveolar = prostate)
Carcinoma of prostate
Peripheral - most cases of carcinoma
Transitional - around urethra/mantellar zone - benign hyperplasia
Central - resistance to carcinoma - aorund ejaculatory ducts
Structure of prostate: capsule, glands and…
Fibromuscular capsule .
Tubuloalveolar - simple columnar, basal cell, sf, corpora amylacea
Occasionally psuedostrat
Stroma of prostate
DCT, elastic fibres, sm cells
Prostate secretion and lumen
Merocrine and apocrine
Irregular lumen
Female genital system (5)
Gonads (ovary)
Genital tracts : fallopian tube, uterus, vagina
External genital tracts
Genital tract (4)
Entry of oocyte into fallopian tube
Sperm into fallopian tube
Fertilisation - ovum into uterus
Implantation + development of ovum in mucosal lining of uterus
Uterine tubes size?
12cm
Uterine tubes site of? 4 parts? Lumen and sm
Site of fertilisation and cleavage of zygote
4 parts : infundibum, ampulla, isthmus, intramural portion - extends into uteric wall
Lumen decreases, increase in sm proportion (muscularis externa)
Structure of uterine tube -
Mod during ovarian cycle Simple columnar - cilia Secretory (non-cilia) LP -> CT SUBmucosa - lacking Muscularis - 2 - inner circ, outer spiral
Uterine tubes and hormones?
Oestrogen - cilia more abundant
Progesterone - cilia less abundant
Uterus main structures?
Body, isthmus, cervix (supra and infra vaginal) portion
Broad ligament subdivisions
Mesometrium - the mesentery of the uterus; the largest portion of the broad ligament
Mesosalpinx - the mesentery of the Fallopian tube
Mesovarium - the mesentery of the ovaries.
Broad ligament contents. Reprod(2), vessels (2), ligaments (3)
Reproductive-Uterine tubes (or Fallopian tube),ovary
vessels-ovarian artery (in the suspensory ligament),uterine artery
ligaments-ovarian ligament,round ligament of uterus
suspensory ligament of the ovary
Layer in broad ligament
Double
Uterus peritoneum
Placed on uterus
Intravaginal portion of cervix surround by?
Ant and post fornix
Uterus isthmus, during pregnancy?
Passage from body to cervix.
Preg - elongated -> named = inf uterine segment
Shape of uterus body
Triangle
Lumen of uterus cervix
Folds that interdiginate
Endometrium before ovulation which phase? What type of glands.
During menstration?
Proliferation phase, secretory phase.
Coiled tubular glands
Menstration - spiral artery - mod - contractin - breakdown -> menstratin
Spiral arteries basics
Uterus - Spiral arteries - small arteries - temp blood - endometrium - luteal phase
Spiral arteries - Converted uteroplacenta blood flow
Loss of smooth muscle & elastic lamina from the vessel wall.
5-10 fold dilation at the mouth of the vessel.
Anteflexion and anteversion
Anteversion cervix and vagina - 90
Anyeflexion - body and cervix - 120-170
