2.6 Male And Female Reproductive System Flashcards by naynesh patel

Excurrent duct system (2) proximal and distal

Proximal - 20 efferent tubules

Distal - mesonephric duct aka ductus deference (pseudostrat epi)

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Intratesticular ducts? Lined by….and changes into? Overall (3)

Straight tubules(tubuli recti) = terminal section
Lined by sertoli cells. Changes into cuboidal epithelium
Empties into rete testis -> simple cuboidal (single cilium); low columnar epi(few short microvilli)

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Efferent ductules (8)

Pseudostrat. 20 connect rete testis to epididymis.
Saw tooth lumen.
Basal cells - undifferentiated stem cells
Tall columnar - ciliated
Small columnar - non cilia, mv, canalicular invag, pinocytotic vesicles
Transport of sperm - cilia and sm contraction.
Sm - circ, inner + outer longi. Elastic fibres.

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Appendix testis and utricle formed from?

In males, paramesopheric duct remnants.
Females - uterus, tubes, upper 1/3 of vagina
Sry gene -> testis transcription factor -> anti mullerian hormone

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Testicle (8) and size

4-5cm length, 3cm thickness
Tunica albungie (dct), tunica vagalis propria, lobules (250), scrotal bursa, rete testis, appendix testis, appendix epididymis, tunica vasculosa (lct + bv)

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Epidiymis (3)
Length, actual length.
3 parts.
Involved in?

Efferent ductules (head) + duct of epididymis (body and tail). Bv, sm, ct covering
7.5cm. 4-6m - coiled duct.
Decapacitation

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Epididymis - decapacitation

sperm motility,
addition of surface associated decap factor,
inhibit fertility - reversible

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Duct of epididymis - cell types (3)

Pseudostrat
1 principle cells - stereocilia ( 80um - 20um)
2 basal cells - stem cells ( small round)
3 migrating halo cells (lymphocytes prox end)

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Seminiferous tubule and secretions?

Secrete fluid. Absorbed in efferent tubules. Reabsorbed in duct of epididymis (proximal)

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Epididymis - 5 secretion products.

Aid maturation of sperm

Glycoproteins, siliac acid, glycerophosphocholine, steroids, glycocalyx

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Epididymis head body tail

Head and body only circ

Tail - circ, inner outer longi cont with ductus deferens

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Epididymis peristalsis contractions (2)

Tail ( reservoir of sperm)

Neural stim, ejaculation - intense contractions

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Ductus deferens length?

40cm

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Ductus deferens similar (2) and diff (2) to epididymis

Similar - Pseudostrat columnar epi, microvilli

Difference - thick muscular contraction, irregular lumen (longi flolds)

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Ductus deferens - ampulla (3)

Thinner musuclar coat
Glandular diverticulum
Longi layer sm near ejaculatory duct disappear

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Spermatic chord contains?

All structures pass to and from the testis

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Accessory glands

Seminal vesicles - glandular diverticulum - 60% of sf, nutrition + stim of motility - survival of sperm in vagina
Prostate - 30% of SF. Citric acid, enzymes, proteins
Bulbourethral glands - urogenital diaphram - alkaline mucus. Compound tubular alveolar - similar to mucus secreting glands.

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Bulbourethral glands. Epithelium. And fliud

Simple columnar. Presminal

Semen (4)

Sperm, secretory products, fluids,
100m sperm / ml. 3ml
Alkaline - neutralise acidic urethra + vagina
Prostaglandins
Zinc - stabilize dna chromatn
Prostaglandins (supress immune response)
Vit c, phosphosyrylcholine, fructose, liquifin,

Prostate shape?

Chestnut like

Prostate secretes
Rich in?
Proteins can be used for?
The concretion?
How differ from thyroids?

Alkaline fluid - neutralised acidic ph of vagina
Rich in citric acids, proteolytic enzymes, liquifin -> coagulated sperm(semen) into vagina
Proteins: prostate specific antigen - detect cancer
Copora amylacea - also found neuroglia and pul alveoli
Epi, structure and mat of secretory uni. (Tubuloalveolar = prostate)

Carcinoma of prostate

Peripheral - most cases of carcinoma
Transitional - around urethra/mantellar zone - benign hyperplasia
Central - resistance to carcinoma - aorund ejaculatory ducts

Structure of prostate: capsule, glands and…

Fibromuscular capsule .
Tubuloalveolar - simple columnar, basal cell, sf, corpora amylacea
Occasionally psuedostrat

Stroma of prostate

DCT, elastic fibres, sm cells

Prostate secretion and lumen

Merocrine and apocrine | Irregular lumen

Female genital system (5)

Gonads (ovary) Genital tracts : fallopian tube, uterus, vagina External genital tracts

Genital tract (4)

Entry of oocyte into fallopian tube Sperm into fallopian tube Fertilisation - ovum into uterus Implantation + development of ovum in mucosal lining of uterus

Uterine tubes size?

12cm

Uterine tubes site of? 4 parts? Lumen and sm

Site of fertilisation and cleavage of zygote 4 parts : infundibum, ampulla, isthmus, intramural portion - extends into uteric wall Lumen decreases, increase in sm proportion (muscularis externa)

Structure of uterine tube -

``` Mod during ovarian cycle Simple columnar - cilia Secretory (non-cilia) LP -> CT SUBmucosa - lacking Muscularis - 2 - inner circ, outer spiral ```

Uterine tubes and hormones?

Oestrogen - cilia more abundant | Progesterone - cilia less abundant

Uterus main structures?

Body, isthmus, cervix (supra and infra vaginal) portion

Broad ligament subdivisions

Mesometrium - the mesentery of the uterus; the largest portion of the broad ligament Mesosalpinx - the mesentery of the Fallopian tube Mesovarium - the mesentery of the ovaries.

Broad ligament contents. Reprod(2), vessels (2), ligaments (3)

Reproductive-Uterine tubes (or Fallopian tube),ovary vessels-ovarian artery (in the suspensory ligament),uterine artery ligaments-ovarian ligament,round ligament of uterus suspensory ligament of the ovary

Layer in broad ligament

Double

Uterus peritoneum

Placed on uterus

Intravaginal portion of cervix surround by?

Ant and post fornix

Uterus isthmus, during pregnancy?

Passage from body to cervix. | Preg - elongated -> named = inf uterine segment

Shape of uterus body

Triangle

Lumen of uterus cervix

Folds that interdiginate

Endometrium before ovulation which phase? What type of glands. During menstration?

Proliferation phase, secretory phase. Coiled tubular glands Menstration - spiral artery - mod - contractin - breakdown -> menstratin

Spiral arteries basics

Uterus - Spiral arteries - small arteries - temp blood - endometrium - luteal phase

Spiral arteries - Converted uteroplacenta blood flow

Loss of smooth muscle & elastic lamina from the vessel wall. | 5-10 fold dilation at the mouth of the vessel.

Anteflexion and anteversion

Anteversion cervix and vagina - 90 | Anyeflexion - body and cervix - 120-170