Cardiovasucular System + Health and disease

Question 1

What is the main role of someone’s arteries?

Answer 1

To carry blood away from your heart to the organs of your body in the form of red oxygenated blood

Question 2

What is the main role of someone’s veins?

Answer 2

Veins carry blood away from the organs towards the heart. It is in a low form of oxygen and usually a dark red colour. Veins do not have a pulse.

Question 3

What is the main roles of the capillaries?

Answer 3

Capillaries form a huge network of tiny vessels linking the arteries and veins together. There thin walls allow oxygen and glucose to diffuse easily out of your blood and into your cells

Question 4

Describe a plasma

Answer 4

The colourless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended

Question 5

Why do humans have a double circulatory system?

Answer 5

To deliver a greater blood flow rate to tissues around the body because the heart pumps the oxygenated blood returned to it from the lungs

Question 6

What is the role of the blood plasma?

Answer 6

A yellow liquid that transports blood cells and other substances around the body to carry waste turned to carbon dioxide into the lungs

Question 7

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 7

Pick up oxygen from the air in your lungs to carry to the necessary cells. They have biconcave discs giving them an increased surface area to volume ratio for diffusion and have red pigment called haemoglobin that binds to oxygen. To have haemoglobin they have no nucleas.

Question 8

What is the role of the white blood cells?

Answer 8

Much bigger than red blood cells and are fewerr of them. They have a nucleas and form part of the body’s defence system against micro organisms. Some form antitoxins agsinst posions made by microorganisms. Yet others engulf invading bacteria and viruses.

Question 9

What do platelets do?

Answer 9

Small fragments with no nucleas, significant for bloodclotting. Blood clotting is a series of enzyme controlled reactions that result in converting fibrinogen into fibirin, this produces a network of protein fibres that capture lots of red blood cells and more platelets to form a jelly like clot that stops one from bleeding to feath and forms a scab. This stops bacteria entering through the wound and protects new skin.

Question 10

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle wall?

Answer 10

The left ventricle has to pump blood around all of the body, but the right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs

Question 11

Create a sequence of how the blood circulates the body?

Answer 11

Right atrium - triscupid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary veins - left atrium - biscupid valve - left ventricle - aorta - lungs

Question 12

Why are humans said to have a double circulatory system?

Answer 12

To deliver a greater blood flow rate to tissues around the body because the heart pumps the oxygenated blood returned to it from the lungs. This means when blood passes through the lungs its pressure is reduced.

Question 13

What happens to coronary arteries and why does it happen?

Answer 13

Lipids and fats build up in coronary arteries, potentially causing heart disease by narrowing arteries

Question 14

What effect does it have on blood flow?

Answer 14

Leas blood will flow from a persons heart

Question 15

What happens as a result?

Answer 15

Heart disease and discomfort on the heart may occur

Question 16

What is a stent and what does it do?

Answer 16

A stent is a metal mesh placed in the artery. A tiny baloon is inflated to open up the blood vessel and the stent at the same time. The ballon is deflated and removed but the stent stays in place. Holding the blood vessel in place. Used in order to open up blocked arteries and keep the blood flowing.

Question 17

What are the other options for someone with badly blocked arteries?

Answer 17

Replacing the cornary arteries with bits of veins from other parts of the body or stains to prevent it

Question 18

What do stations do? Who would use them?

Answer 18

Anyone at risk from disease, lower cholestral lowering fatty acids transported to the cornary artery

Question 19

In plant transport what transportation stream do?

Answer 19

In xylem vessels, is where water is transported. The role of the xylem tubes ensure this transport happens and also provide support. It will transport dissolved minerals and water up the plant to keep the plant healthy

Question 20

What is the process of Translocation?

Answer 20

The are the vessels where sugary sap is, are called phloem vessels. The leaf will make all the necessary substances - food etc… to all of the other parts of the plant.

Question 21

What happens in translocation?

Answer 21

glucose is transported in phloem cells

Question 22

What is the definition of health

Answer 22

a state of physical or mental wellbeing of a person

Question 23

What is the definition of a disease

Answer 23

a disorder of structure or function in a human, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury

Question 24

What are pathogens?

Answer 24

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease

Question 25

State 3 ways in which pathogens spread

Answer 25

Through the air, direct contact and through water

Question 26

State 3 ways of preventing illness and disease

Answer 26

Hygeine, isloating infected individuals, destroying or controlling vectors

Question 27

What are the internal defence systems of the body?

Answer 27

Producing antibodies, antitoxins from white blood cells and when the white blood cells engulf microorganisms.

Question 28

Name three types of threatening viruses

Answer 28

Measles, HIV, TMV

Question 29

Name two types of bacteria

Answer 29

Salmonella and gonnoreha

Question 30

Name two fungal and protist deases

Answer 30

Rose black spot snd malaria

Question 31

How does the skin prevent micro organisms getting into your body

Answer 31

Skin covers the body to act as a barrier. It prevents bacteria and viruses reaching the tissues beneath. If you damage or cut your skin, the barrier is broken but your body restores it. You bleed, and the platelets in your blood set up a chain of events to form a clot that dries into a scab.

Question 32

What is the difference between communicable and non communicable diseases?

Answer 32

One can be caught through close contact, bodily fluids etc.. the other is developed or inherited

Question 33

What will happen of we don’t find/ create another form of antibiotics?

Answer 33

Bacterial diseases may get out of control

Question 34

What is penicillin

Answer 34

Penicillin is an antibiotic

Question 35

What are risk factors

Answer 35

Risk factors are things that are linked to an increased risk of disease.
For example, aspects of someone’s lifestyle, or substance in the
person’s body or environment.

Question 36

What do risk factors show?

Answer 36

Some of these risk factors are identified as causing the disease, while
other risk factors just show a correlation.

Question 37

Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of drinking alcohol

Answer 37

Alcohol isn’t necessarily considered to be dangerous when drank in small amounts. It can also possibly prevent dementia and cardiovascular disease however some say that it furthers the risks of heart attacks and blood clots and also can increase the risk of long term memory loss. It is also said to be fatal to the liver and seeing as the body is very reliant on the liver it causes an area of big concern for anyone who excessively drinks resulting in a damaged liver. It can also damage the unborn children physically and mentally with deformities and intelligence which can effect them later on in their lives and can also result in miscarages which also mentally and physically effects a mother, causing very catastrophic consequences just from drinking over the recommended weekly and daily limits of alcohol intake

Question 38

In what months of a women’s pregnancy does drinking alcohol increase the likelihood of them having a miscarriage?

Answer 38

First 3 months