Cardiovascular disease Flashcards
Obj: identify first-line strategies to prevent initial or recurrent cardiac events
favorably modify unhealthy lifestyle habits or practices, including poor dietary habits, physical inactivity and cigarette smoking
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Positive changes include getting regular moderate- vigorous aerobic exercise, quit smoking, avoid secondhand smoke, decreasing excess body weight and fat stores, sleeping well, healthier dietary choices, and taking DR prescribed cardioprotective meds (aspirin, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors or statins)
Obj: List common screening and diagnostics tests used to detect the presence of likelihood of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD)
- Basic Tests: Chest x rays, Resting electrocardiogram (ECG), cartoid artery ultrasound, abdominal aortic aneurysm ultrasound, anchial/ brachial index, risk factors profiling (assessment of traditional risk factors like BP, diabetes, overweight…)
- Intermediate test: Exercise stress test, looking what fitness levels by seeing how long a person can exercise and what level they can attain), pharmacologic stress testing (used on older adults/ those with limited movement so cant exercise), echocardiograpghy (looks at working cardiac muscles)
- advanced: Coronary angiography (use of catheter inserted into artery in leg or wrist and threaded into heart where dye is injected and allows for images on x rays to show narrowing/ blockages)
- newer tests: Coronary CTAs ( images taken of coronary arteries to see if plaque built up), Electron beam CT (detects calcium in coronary arteries)
Obj: Discuss the role of physical activity and exercise in the prevention and management of Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Increasing cardiorespiratory fitness reduces risks greatly.
1. anti-atherosclerotic
2. antithrombotic
3. anti-ischemic
4. anti-arrhythmic
5. psychologic
Obj: Explain key dietary strategies to improve cardiovascular outcomes
- eat a diet rich in fish, lean meats, non-fat diary, nuts, veggies, fruits, whole-grains, high-soluble fiber foods ( beans, oats, yams), veggie oils, egg whites
- reduce saturated fats, trans fat, cholesterol, sugar and salt
- limit/avoid: cheese/ dairy, egg yolks, refined grains, processed meats, hydrogenated vegetable oils, tropical oils, alcohol
Q: What is the leading cause of death in the United States?
Cardiovascular disease
Q: what is the BEST first step when coaching a diet change with a client who has CVD?
A. Understand your clients lifestyle habits, and values
B. Educate the client on CVD and its complications
C. Discuss the benefits of exercise in reducing CVD
D. Discuss the components of a heart-healthy diet
A. Understand your clients lifestyle habits, and values
Q: As a health coach, what is your role in coaching a client who is trying to lose weight and has CVD?
A. recommend fish oil capsules
b. provide info about portion control
c. provide a heart-healthy menu
d. refer client to a RD
b. provide info about portion control
Q: What is a strategy a health coach can use when coaching a client who has been diagnosed with high cholesterol?
a. reflect on and summarize the clients goals to reduce her cholesterol
b. assess a clients frame of reference for ways to lower cholesterol
c. educate the client on ways to reduce and manage stress
d. give suggestions about strategies that have worked with other clients to lower their cholesterol
b. assess a clients frame of reference for ways to lower cholesterol
Q: what is the 1st line strategy to prevent initial or recurrent cardiac events?
To favorably modify unhealthy lifestyle habits or practices
Q: What are the “Big 4” key cardioprotective medications?
Beta-blockers, ARBs, blood thinners, and statins
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- beta blockers slow heart rate and lower blood pressure by affecting the response to certain nerve impulses throughout the body (reduces risk of recurrent CV event by 25%)
- ACE inhibitors/ ARBs dilate blood vessels, which can lower BP and pressure in the heart; ARBs reduce sodium and fluid retention
- Platelet inhibitors (blood thinners): aspirin is main one, decreases inflammation of the arteries and prevents blood clot formation
- Statins: lower total nd LDL cholesterol levels and decrease vascular inflammation
Q: What are the 3 levels of sophistication of screening and diagnostics tests to detect the presence of likelihood of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and/or structural CVD?
Basic, intermediate and advanced
Q: lack of social support, social isolation, and financial difficulties are often cited as
barriers to achieving successful lifestyle behavior changes
Q: which 3 less frequently performed A’s of the 5 A’s (assess, advise, agree, assist and arrange) have the greatest impact on health behavior change?
- Agree (concrete plan) ,
- Assist ( identify barriers, leverage social support, encourage problem solving, enhance self-management) 3. Arrange (establish accountability system and self-monitoring method, providing referrals and follow-ups)
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doctors do Assess and advise
Q: what type of interval training is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training for pateiend with CVD?
High intensity interval training (HIIT)
Q: What are 2 powerful “drugs” that compare favorably to highly effective medical therapies?
optimism and social support
