Cardiorespiratory System

Question 1

Cardiorespiratory system

Answer 1

cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Question 2

Cardiovascular system

Answer 2

heart, blood, and blood vessels.

Question 3

Cardiac muscle

Answer 3

shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle; involuntary

Question 4

Atria

Answer 4

smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins

Question 5

what does the right atrium do?

Answer 5

Gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the

Question 6

what does the left atrium do?

Answer 6

gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 7

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 7

located in right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate; “pacemaker for the heart”.

Question 8

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 8

specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.

Question 9

Ventricles

Answer 9

larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.

Question 10

what does the right ventricle do?

Answer 10

pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs.

Question 11

what does the left ventricle do?

Answer 11

pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Question 12

what do arteries do?

Answer 12

carry blood away from the heart.

Question 13

what do veins do?

Answer 13

transport blood back to the heart.

Question 13

Capillaries

Answer 13

smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange

Question 15

Arterioles

Answer 15

small branches of arteries; end in capillaries.

Question 16

venules

Answer 16

very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins.

Question 17

what is stroke volume

Answer 17

amount of blood pumped with each contraction.

Question 18

what is the average heart rate for an untrained adult?

Answer 18

70-80 bpm.

Question 19

Cardiac output

Answer 19

volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate × stroke volume.

Question 20

Respiratory system

Answer 20

lungs and respiratory passageways; brings in oxygen, removes CO

Question 21

Inspiration

Answer 21

contracting inspiratory muscles to move air into lungs.

Question 22

what are the 2 types of inspiratory muscles?

Answer 22

Primary—diaphragm, external intercostals.

Secondary—scalenes, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid.

Question 23

Expiration

Answer 23

relaxing inspiratory muscles (passive), contracting expiratory muscles (active) to move air out.

Question 24

what are the expiratory muscles

Answer 24

internal intercostals, abdominals.

Question 25

Resting oxygen consumption (VO2)

Answer 25

3. 5 mL × kg-1 × min-1 = 1 metabolic equivalent (MET) | 3. 5 mL of oxygen per kilo- gram of body weight per minute

Question 26

Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)

Answer 26

highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion.

Question 27

what are abnormal breathing patterns associated with?

Answer 27

stress and anxiety; may result in headaches, dizziness, fatigue (stiff muscles), poor circulation, and/or poor sleep patterns.

Question 28

Cardiorespiratory exercise increases

Answer 28

cardiac output, breathing efficiency, oxygen transport and use, use of fats for fuel, mental alertness, ability to relax and sleep, tolerance to stress, lean body mass, metabolic rate.

Question 29

Cardiorespiratory exercise decreases

Answer 29

resting heart rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risks of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity, and diabetes.

Question 30

Mediastinum

Answer 30

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs

Question 31

Respiratory pump

Answer 31

bones and muscles that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration.

Question 32

Diffusion

Answer 32

The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body.

Question 33

Shallow breathing can result from the use of secondary respiratory muscles rather than the diaphragm.

Answer 33

Teach clients to breathe through the stomach to maintain normal respiration.