Cardiorespiratory System Flashcards
Cardiorespiratory system
cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Cardiovascular system
heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Cardiac muscle
shorter, more tightly connected than skeletal muscle; involuntary
Atria
smaller, superior chambers of the heart; receive blood from veins
what does the right atrium do?
Gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the
what does the left atrium do?
gathers oxygenated blood from the lungs
Sinoatrial (SA) node
located in right atrium; initiates impulse for heart rate; “pacemaker for the heart”.
Atrioventricular (AV) node
specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.
Ventricles
larger, inferior chambers of the heart; pump blood out.
what does the right ventricle do?
pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs.
what does the left ventricle do?
pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
what do arteries do?
carry blood away from the heart.
what do veins do?
transport blood back to the heart.
Capillaries
smallest blood vessels; site of gas, chemical, and water exchange
Arterioles
small branches of arteries; end in capillaries.
venules
very small veins; connect capillaries to larger veins.
what is stroke volume
amount of blood pumped with each contraction.
what is the average heart rate for an untrained adult?
70-80 bpm.
Cardiac output
volume of blood pumped per minute; heart rate × stroke volume.
Respiratory system
lungs and respiratory passageways; brings in oxygen, removes CO
Inspiration
contracting inspiratory muscles to move air into lungs.
what are the 2 types of inspiratory muscles?
Primary—diaphragm, external intercostals.
Secondary—scalenes, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid.
Expiration
relaxing inspiratory muscles (passive), contracting expiratory muscles (active) to move air out.
what are the expiratory muscles
internal intercostals, abdominals.
Resting oxygen consumption (VO2)
- 5 mL × kg-1 × min-1 = 1 metabolic equivalent (MET)
3. 5 mL of oxygen per kilo- gram of body weight per minute
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion.
what are abnormal breathing patterns associated with?
stress and anxiety; may result in headaches, dizziness, fatigue (stiff muscles), poor circulation, and/or poor sleep patterns.
Cardiorespiratory exercise increases
cardiac output, breathing efficiency, oxygen transport and use, use of fats for fuel, mental alertness, ability to relax and sleep, tolerance to stress, lean body mass, metabolic rate.
Cardiorespiratory exercise decreases
resting heart rate, cholesterol, blood pressure, and the risks of heart disease, blood clots, depression, anxiety, obesity, and diabetes.
Mediastinum
The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs
Respiratory pump
bones and muscles that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration.
Diffusion
The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body.
Shallow breathing can result from the use of secondary respiratory muscles rather than the diaphragm.
Teach clients to breathe through the stomach to maintain normal respiration.
