Cardiology Heart sounds

Question 1

S1

Answer 1

First “lubb” ->results of closure of AV valve
Best hear on the 5th intercostal space on the R side of body - tricuspid
Systolic phase

Question 2

S2

Answer 2

Second “dubb” -> closure aortic/pulmonic valves

Diastolic phase

Question 3

Murmur

Answer 3

Turbulent blood flow through the heart that generates an extra heart sound

Question 4

Systolic murmur

Answer 4

Occurs during systole, heard in between S1 and S2

“lubb, swoosh, dubb” most common

Question 5

Diastolic murmur

Answer 5

During diastole, heard after S2
“lubb, dubb, swoosh”
Very rare -> but always pathogenic

Question 6

3 most common murmur causes

Answer 6

1. Valvular insufficiency
2. Valvular stenosis
3. Patent Ductus Arteriosis (PDA)

Question 7

Valvular insufficiency

Answer 7

Occurs when valve should be closed
"Leaky" valve
Can't prevent backflow
Results in a murmur
RAV & LAV = Systolic 
Aortic & pulmonic = Diastolic

Question 8

Valvular Stenosis

Answer 8

Occurs when valve should be open
Narrow or obstructed valve opening
Decreased the amount of blood pumped to ventricles
Causes pressure to increase
RAV & LAV = Diastolic
Aortic & pulmonic = Systolic

Question 9

Patent Ductus Arteriosis (PDA)

Answer 9

Opening between the pulmonary a & aorta

Operates continuous grade 5-6 murmurs

Question 10

PDA C/S and Tx

Answer 10

Coughing 
Pulmonary edema 
Weight loss 
Exercise intolerance
Failure to thrive

Sx correction

Question 11

Murmur Grade 1

Answer 11

Quiet, inconsistent and localized

Question 12

Murmur Grade 2

Answer 12

Quiet, consistent

Question 13

Murmur Grade 3

Answer 13

Can be heard with steth anywhere on heart
Consistent
Louder

Question 14

Murmur Grade 4

Answer 14

Consistent
Louder
Palpate thrill

Question 15

Murmur Grade 5

Answer 15

Prominent
Consistent
Easily palpated

Question 16

Murmur Grade 6

Answer 16

Heard without steth