Cardiology Flashcards
Patient has fever and pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting up and leaning forward
Pericarditis
Irregularly irregular pulse
Atrial Fibrillation
ECG + saw tooth baseline and 150 bpm
Atrial Flutter
Alveolar Bat’s wings
Kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly
Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels
Pleural Effusion
Pulmonary Oedema
Raised JVP/hepatojugular
Right Sided Heart Failure
Sense of impending doom
MI
Saddle shaped ST elevation
Pericarditis
Broad Complex tachycardia
Ventricular problem
Mid-diastolic mumur with a tapping, undisplaced apex
Mitral Stenosis
Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)
WPW (Wolff-Parkinson-White) syndrome
Tall, tented T waves
Hyperkalaemia (and wide QRS complexes)
Patient gets pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI
Dressler’s syndrome
‘Blurred yellowing vision’ headache
Digoxin toxicity
Janeway Lesions/Osler’s Nodes
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Continuous Machine like Heart Murmur
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Rib notching on CXR
Coarctation of the aorta
Crescendo Decrescendo murmur
Aortic Stenosis
Diminished absent lower limb pulses
Coarctation of the aorta
Radio-femoral delay
Coarctation of the aorta
Radio-radial delay
Coarctation or aortic dissection
MRS ASS
Mitral Regurgitation Systolic
Aortic Stenosis Systolic
Systolic murmur, radiates to the neck
Aortic Stenosis
Sudden tearing/ripping chest pain, radiates to the back
Aortic Dissection
Clubbing
Cardiac
Chest
Colonic
Cirrhosis
Carcinoma
Compression
Congenital
Circulation
4 H’s for reversible causes of cardiac arrest
Hypovolaemia
Hypothermia
Hyper/Hypokalaemia
Hypoxia
4 T’s for reversible causes of cardiac arrest
Tamponade
Tension Pneumothorax
Thromboembolism
Toxin
Moon Face
Purple Striae
Weight Gain
Hypertension
Cushing’s Syndrome
= high levels of cortisol
Hypertension
Big feet and hands, prominent jaw
Acromegaly
Excess of growth hormone
Treatment for Malignant Hypertension
Sodium Nitroprusside
= vasodilator given by infusion
The pulse is regular and jerky in character: the cardiac impulse is hyperdynamic and not displaced.
There is a mid-systolic murmur with no ejection click, loudest at the left sternal edge
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
There is a soft late systolic murmur radiating to the axilla
Mitral Valve Prolapse (resembles mitral regurgitation)
There is a harsh pan-systolic murmur, loudest at the lower left sternal edge and inaudible at the apex. The apex is not displaces and it doesn’t intensify on inspiration
Ventricular Septal Defect
Osler Nodes
= endocarditis
- Painful and seen on the tips of the fingers and toes
Petechiae
= endocarditis
Pale blanching of the skin/nails
Janeway Lesion’s
= endocarditis
- Blanching macules which are usually non-tender
Investigation of paroxysmal SVT
Holter monitoring
Investigation of neurogenic/vasovagal syncope
Tilt Table Testing
Investigation if CANNOT do exercise ECG (but suspect angina)
Thallium scanning
Stress Echo
Hyperthyroidism
Weight loss
Intolerance to heat
Tremor
Weakness
Palpitations
S/E of Amiodarone
Hyperthyroidism
B Blockers
Verapamil
SHOULDN’ T BE USED TOGETHER
