cardiac drug classification: MOA, indication, examples

Question 1

ACE inhibitor MOA (including angiotensin and bradykinin)

Answer 1

this drug prevents angiotensin 1 changing to angiotensin 2. This is done by prohibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme

angiotensin 2 causes vasoconstriction causing bp to increase however due to the angiotensin stopping this from happening the blood pressure will stay low.

also helps breakdown bradykinin. This is a protein that relaxes blood vessels which therefore lowers bp.

Question 2

3 indications of ACE inhibitor

Answer 2

high blood pressure (hypertension)
heart failure
diabetes-related kidney disease

Question 3

what does ACE stand for

Answer 3

angiotensin-converting enyme

Question 4

What is the MOA for anticoagulant drugs

Answer 4

prevents recurrent blot clots within veins by interrupting the process needed to form a blood clot OR can break down blood clots that may already be formed

Question 5

what are the 4 indications for anti coagulants

Answer 5

embolism(blood clots), angina, mi,
thrombotic CVA (stroke caused by a blood clot)

Question 6

What is the moa for betablockers

Answer 6

they block the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline which causes reduction in hr and bp.

the heart rate and contracting of the heart becomes inhibited causing bradycardia.

causes a decrease in oxygen demand which assists with angina

reduced cardiac output= decreased bp

Question 7

5+ indications of beta blockers

Answer 7

tachycardia
hypertension
mi
arrhythmia
long qt syndrome

Question 8

what are the 2 indications for calcium channel blockers

Answer 8

angina
hypertension

Question 9

what is the moa for calcium channel blockers

Answer 9

they block calcium from entering cells within the heart and arteries

muscle contractions are dependent on calcium therefore due to the calcium now getting blocked, this causes vasodilation meaning heart muscle receives more oxygenated blood lowering bp

Question 10

what is the MOA for vasoconstrictors?
(vasopressor)

Answer 10

increase in vasoconstriction=increase in systemic vascular resistance= increase in mean arterial pressure= increase perfusion to organs

Question 11

what are the 3 indications for vasoconstrictors

Answer 11

hypotension
cardiac arrest
shock

Question 12

what are the 4+ indications for vasodilators

Answer 12

angina
hypertension
preeclampsia
pulmonary hypertension

Question 13

what is the MOA for vasodilators

Answer 13

vasodilators can either affect muscle cell lining blood vessels which makes them relax and dilate
OR
control the chemicals (like nitric oxide and carbon dioxide) that make blood vessels expand/contract.

Question 14

2 examples of vasodilator drugs

Answer 14

ace inhibitors (like benazepril)
calcium channel blockers (like diltiazem)

Question 15

3 examples of vasoconstrictor drugs

Answer 15

adrenaline (epinephrine)
noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
dopamine

Question 16

2 examples of calcium channel blockers (what do they usually end in)

Answer 16

amlodipine
verapamil
usually end in PINE

Question 17

2 examples of beta blockers
(what do they usually end in)

Answer 17

metoprolol
labetalol
(usually end in olol)

Question 18

2 examples of anti-coagulant

Answer 18

heparin
warfarin

Question 19

2 examples of an ace inhibitor

Answer 19

ramapril
lisinopril
(usually end in pril)

Question 20

what cardiac classification drug has an antidote for toxicity, what antidote is it

Answer 20

ace inhibitor
naloxone is the antidote for toxicity